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Highways 30 through 39

M-30 | US-31 | M-32 | US-33 | M-33 | M-34 | M-35 | M-36 | M-37 | M-38 | M-39 | Jump to Bottom


M-30 Southern Terminus: Updated M-20/Isabella Rd, 6.3 miles west of downtown Midland
Northern Terminus: M-55/BL I-75 on the western edge of West Branch (cnr Court St & Houghton Ave)
Length: Updated 51.353 miles
Map: Route Map of M-30
Notes: Updated In 1962, all of M-30 south of US-10 at Sanford to M-46 was removed and turned back to county control. Then in 2009, 3.0 miles of that same segment was returned to state control as a re-extension of M-30 back to M-20!
History: c.1920 - M-30 runs roughly along its present-day route, but only north of Van Dyke Rd, five miles south of Winegars in southern Gladwin Co. South of that point, the road is designated as part of M-18, as was present-day Van Dyke Rd.
1927 (Feb 8) Updated - M-18 is extended due south from Beaverton and the M-30 designation is then applied to all of the former M-18 routing from M-30 southerly through Edenville and Sanford to end at M-46 two miles west of Merrill. The former M-18 along Van Dyke Rd between Beaverton and M-30 is re-designated as M-80.
c.1952 - A new alignment opens just south of M-55/M-76 southwest of West Branch, smoothing out a pair of sharp curves.
1960 - New alignment opens near Elk Lake in northern Gladwin County.
1961 - The final 15 miles of gravel-surfaced M-30 are paved, from Sanford to the Midland/Saginaw Co line.
1962 Updated - All of M-30 south of the new US-10 freeway at Sanford is removed from the state highway system with a new southern terminus at the US-10 freeway. Old M-30 south to M-46 is turned back to county control.
2007 (Nov) New! - Until this time, Meridian Rd (the former route of M-30 prior to 1962) did not connect directly through to Saginaw Rd (the former route of US-10 prior to 1961) at Sanford in central Midland County. When M-30 still ran along this corridor, the M-30 routing approached from the south via Meridian Rd before curving west for one mile on Wackerly Rd, then curving back north via 7 Mile Rd and intersecting Saginaw Rd on the west side of Sanford. M-30 then ran concurrently with US-10 along Saginaw Rd back to Meridian Rd and continued northerly into Gladwin Co. Starting in November 2007, the Midland Co Road Commission begins constructing a new 1,170-foot long, $7.7-million bridge spanning the Tittabawassee River and the Pere Marquette State Trail to directly connect the two discontinuous segments of Meridian Rd.
2008 (Oct 31)New! - The new Meridian Rd bridge over the Tittabawassee River and the Pere Marquette State Trail is completed and opens to traffic.
  2009 (May 13) New! - Meridian Rd—both the former portions of pre-1962 M-30 from Saginaw Rd (Old US-10) north and from Wackerly Rd south and the new, mile-long Tittawabassee River bridge—is transferred from county to state control and becomes a (re-)extension of M-30 from the US-10 freeway southerly to M-20/Isabella Rd. This increases the length of M-30 from 46.43 miles to 51.353 miles.
   
Freeway/Expwy: No portion of M-30 is freeway or expressway.
Photographs:  
Weblinks: M-30 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-30 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.

US-31 Southern Entrance: From Indiana southwest of Niles in Berrien County
Northern Terminus: I-75 at Exit 336, three miles south of Mackinaw City
Length: 356.04 miles
Map: Route Map of US-31
Map of US-31 Freeway in Berrien County
Notes: US-31 is a major highway corridor leading up the western side of the Lower Peninsula, connecting the cities of South Bend, Ind., Benton Harbor/St Joseph, Holland, Muskegon, Ludington, Traverse City and Petoskey. Approximately 40 percent of US-31 (about 145 miles) is currently constructed to freeway standards, with two additional freeway segments proposed for the next decade. US-31 is a major artery carrying tourist traffic to Michigan's North Country and, as such, has been experiencing congestion issues in such northern cities as Traverse City and Petoskey for many years now. Improvements in those areas may not be forthcoming, however.
The US-31 corridor has seen a variety of major activity in each of the last five decades and that activity will continue for at least another two decades! In the 1950s, the highway saw major upgrades between Holland and Grand Haven and even some of the first freeway mileage built in West Michigan. The 1960s saw the freeway mileage extended from Benton Harbor/St Joseph to Holland and from Grand Haven toward Oceana Co. The 1970s saw major freeway projects push ever closer to Ludington through Oceana Co and the beginnings of the freeway upgrades in Berrien Co, which all continued into the 1980s. The 1990s continued that progress, with more of US-31 converted to freeway in Berrien and Mason Cos with even more freeway mileage added in the the first decade of the 21st Century. In the next 15-20 years, the final freeway connection in Berrien Co will be completed and the gap in freeway between Holland and Muskegon will be bridged. At that time, more than 180 miles of US-31 in Michigan will be built to freeway standards.
Some of the ongoing projects noted above have not been without controversy. In Berrien Co, the completion of the freeway gap there has been delayed for environmental reasons and the design and route of the freeway have been altered as well. Further north in Ottawa Co, the decision to route the US-31 freeway though the largely-agricultural central portion of that county has raised howls of protest. Farther north, the proposed US-31 bypasses of the cities of Traverse City and Petoskey have had no shortage of controvery as well. Full details on each of these US-31 projects can be found on their own pages:
Some of the historical information presented here was clarified by Marc Fannin... many thanks!
History: 1920s - Before the debut of the US Highway system in 1926, the route of present-day US-31 in Michigan consisted of two state highways: M-58, from a connection with Indiana SR-1 at the state line south of Niles to M-11 (later US-12) in St Joseph; and M-11 from St Joseph up the entire western shore of the Lower Peninsula to end with M-10 (later US-23) in downtown Mackinaw City.
1926 - As the US-31 designation replaces the trunkline routings noted above, the former designations—M-58 and M-11—go on to exist on other routes elsewhere in the state. Also, the US-31 designation is chosen over the US-23 designation to run across the state highway ferries at the Straits of Mackinac—the first route designation to cross the Straits. US-31 runs an additional nine miles northerly from St Ignace to end at US-2 at Rogers Park. US-31 is one of only three route designations to ever cross the Straits. The others will be US-27 (1957-1960) and I-75 (1960-).
1927 - Several changes along US-31 this year:
  • (Mar 28) - Several small realignments and relocations in western Charlevoix Co straighten out the route of US-31. Most of the former alignments—those portions not obliterated completely—are turned back to local control, including Old Orchard Tr and Schmidt Rd, Ferry Rd easterly to Beatty Rd and Beatty northerly to US-31, Cedarview Dr and Clipperview Dr north of Cedarview, and others.
  • (June 30) - A new direct Grand River crossing from Grand Haven northerly into Ferrysburg via an electrically-operated swing bridge was completed on November 11, 1924, replacing an old hand-operated interurban bridge to the east. On this date, that bridge and its approach roadways were incorporated into the state trunkline system and the former route is officially cancelled.
  • (Aug 20) - A slight realignment occurs in Muskegon Heights. Entering the city from the southeast via Merriam Ave, the route formerly continued via Merriam to Summit Ave, then westery via Summit for one block before turning northerly along Peck St toward downtown Muskegon. Now, US-31 curves westerly from Merriam Ave onto Lincoln Ave for two blocks, then turns northerly via Peck St. The former route along Merriam from Lincoln to Summit and along Summit from Merriam to Peck is turned back to local control.
1929 - A trio of realignments and establishments in 1929:
  • (July 5) - The stair-stepping route of US-31 from the north limits of Saugatuck northeasterly for 2.2 miles is turned back to control when a new, more directly 1.4-mile long alignment is assumed into the state trunkline system. Construction on the new alignment, however, may not have been complete until 1930.
  • (Aug 19) - Since originally debuting in 1926, US-31 entered Michigan from Indiana and continued northerly into downtown Niles via 3rd St. On this date, the 3rd St route is transferred to local control and the parallel 11th St alignment is determined as a state trunkline highway and becomes the new route of US-31.
  • (Aug 19) - The portion of US-31 from Oden northerly thorugh Alanson to south of Brutus in Emmet Co via Milton Rd/Milton St is turned back to local control when the present-day route is officially established as a state trunkline route. The new route is also 1/10th mile shorter than the former. Construction on the new route, however, is likely not complete until the next year.
1930 (Sept 10) - The route of US-31 undergoes a realignment southeast of Whitehall in Muskegon Co. Formerly turning northwesterly via Bell Rd, then westerly along Lakewood Rd and northerly via Durham Rd to Whitehall Rd, the new route along present-day Whitehall Rd is officially assumed into the state trunkline system and likely opens to traffic soon after. The former route is turned back to local control.
1930 (Dec 2) - A new alignment for US-31 entering Manistee from the south is determined as a state trunkline, but will never be built as specified. The route begins at present day cnr of US-31/Grant Hwy & Preuss Rd and turned northwesterly "across country" to the cnr of Red Apple Rd & Maple St and continued northerly via Maple St to First St, and easterly on First to the existing route of US-31 at Division St. This never-implemented route would be officially cancelled 25 years later.
1930 - The route of US-31 in southwestern Emmet Co is relocated onto a more direct alignment from Bay Shore easterly for 3.4 miles to just east of Townsend Rd west of Petoskey. The former route runs via present-day Church St (in the Bay Shore area) and Old US-31, but in an interesting twist, is NOT transferred to local control while the relocation is also NOT officially established as a trunkline. (See also the November 7, 1949 listing.)
1930-31 - A new shoreline routing for US-31 from downtown Benton Harbor to South Haven is determined on three different dates, although sources indicate the entire route is likely constructed during 1931 and also likely opens at one time. The US-31 routing formerly followed US-12 northeasterly from Benton Harbor to Watervliet, then northerly along what becomes M-140 to South Haven. The new shoreline routing shaves five miles off the total distance. The official determinations for this new shoreline alignment are:
  • 1930 (Nov 22) - The route along present-day M-63 from Paw Paw Ave to Eaman Rd north of Benton Harbor is determined. From the cnr of Paw Paw Ave & present-day M-63 southerly into Benton Harbor, US-31 will follow Paw Paw Ave itself, although that roadway is never officially added to the trunkline system, only being "marked and maintained" as a temporary link for several decades.
  • 1930 (Dec 23) - The route, via present-day M-63, from Eaman Rd northerly to the Berrien/Van Buren Co line is determined.
  • 1931 (Oct 23) - From the Berrien/Van Buren Co line northerly to existing US-31 (present-day M-140) south of South Haven is officially assumed into the state trunkline system. It is assumed the entire highway from Paw Paw Ave north of Benton Harbor to South Haven opens around this time.
1930-32 - A new easterly bypass of downtown Muskegon debuts. On June 30, 1930, the 1.5 miles of Getty Ave from existing US-31 (present-day BUS US-31 in modern-day Norton Shores) northerly to Sherman Blvd is transferred to the state, but remains unsigned until the remainder of the route is assumed into the system in two years. On October 29, 1932, the rest of Getty Ave from Sherman Blvd northerly to Marquette Ave and Marquette from Getty westerly to existing US-31 along Ottawa St is transferred to state control and the entire Getty-Marquette route is designated as US-31A.
1931 (July 22) - A one mile northerly "extension," of sorts, of Pere Marquette Hwy in Mason Co east of Ludington from 6th St northerly to US-10/US-31/Ludington Ave is completed and added to the state trunkline system as US-31A, providing an easterly bypass of Ludington. The mainline US-31 route still turns westerly via 6th St, northerly on Madison St, westerly along 2nd St and northerly again via Washington Ave to US-10 at Ludington Ave where both US-10 and US-31 run easterly out of the city toward Scottville.
1931 (Aug 31) - A brand-new alignment for US-31 is officially established on this date from Beulah to Honor in Benzie Co, bypassing Benzonia in part. Beginning two blocks north of the notherly US-31 & M-115 jct in Benzonia, US-31 now veers easterly off Spring Valley St and enters Beulah via present-day Beulah Hwy, bypassing the downtown district. North of downtown Beulah, the new alignment overlaps the old one for a short distance from Benzie Blvd to Crystal Dr, but then veers northeasterly again and completes the trip into Honor via Beulah Hwy and Honor Hwy. The former route via Spring Valley St from Michigan St in Benzonia to Benzie Blvd in Beulah, along Benzie Blvd from Spring Valley to Beulah Hwy and then via Crystal Dr, Edenhill Rd, Worden Rd and Moss Rd from Beulah to west of Honor is turned back to local control.
1932 (Oct 29) - Two new location trunkline establishments occur on this date along US-31:
  • (Oct 29) - An easterly bypass of North Muskegon is also officially determined as a state trunkline in late 1932 and likely opens to traffic at the same time. Beginning at the eastern jct of US-31 & M-20 (cnr Whitehall Rd & Holton Rd-Lake Ave) the new route continues northwesterly back to the original alignment of US-31 at Witham Dr. The former route along Lake Ave and Center St to Ruddiman Ave retains the M-20 designation while the portion along Center north of Ruddiman and along Witham Dr northerly to the new bypass is turned back to local control.
  • (Oct 29) - A new route for US-31 entering Charlevoix from the southwest is established along its present-day route from Barnard Rd easterly, then curving northerly into the city to Carpenter Ave where it then continues northerly via Bridge St to M-66 at Garfield Ave. There, US-31 supplants the M-66 designation northerly for five blocks to Antrim St and the former route of US-31. The former route along Barnard Rd from US-31 northeasterly to Carpenter Ave is turned back to county control but will later be removed when the airport runways are built across it in later years. The former route in the city along Norwood Rd northerly to Sheridan St, then northerly via Sheridan to Antrim St and easterly via Antrim to Bridge St is turned back to city control.
  • (Oct 29) - A more direct routing for US-31 from Levering to Carp Lake is officially assumed into the state trunkline system on this date, however sources indicate construction on the 4.2 mile route is not complete until 1933, though traffic may have been allowed to use the unpaved alignment starting this year. The former route via Levering Rd westerly from US-31 to Reed Rd, northerly via Reed to Gil Rd and easterly along Gill to the new alignment of US-31 is turned back to local control.
1933 - A variety of occurrences along US-31 this year:
  • (July 12) - A new, more direct alongment for US-31 is completed along the route of present-day Oceana Dr between Hayes and Water Rds, halfway between New Era and Shelby. The former route along Hayes Rd and Water Rd is turned back to local control on this date.
  • (July 12) - Also on July 12, the new alignment of US-31 from northeast of Bay View northeasterly through Conway and Oden to south of Alanson is officially determined as a state trunkline route and the former route (that portion which does not lie underneath the new alignment), mostly Hiawatha Tr from M-131 (present-day M-119) to Conway, is turned back to local control. The new alignment was completed, however, during 1930 and it is unclear why the jurisdictional transfer takes place three years later.
  • The Manistee River bascule (draw) bridge in downtown Manistee is completed and opened to traffic. The bridge remains in service to the present-day.
1934 (Oct 10) - Two 90-degree corners in the route of US-31 in western Allegan Co are bypassed by a new curving alignment. Formerly turning easterly from 70th St for one mile along 114th Ave, then northerly for 1-1/3 mile via 68th St, US-31 now follows the route of modern-day Blue Star Hwy from Glenn northeasterly. The former route along 114th Ave and 68th St, however, remains as an unsigned state trunkine for the time being and is turned back on August 30, 1937. However, the State Highway Dept notes they ceased maintenance on the former route as of January 7, 1935 as per letter dated December 19, 1934.
1935 (Jan 7) - A new route for US-31 in Ottawa Co from Grand Haven southerly to the Lake Macatawa outlet into Lake Michigan is determined, closely following the shoreline of the Big Lake. This route would never see any construction whatsoever and it would be officially deleted 21 years later.
1936 (late) - The final few miles of gravel-surfaced US-31, between Charlevoix and the intersection of Boyne City-Charlevoix Rd in Charlevoix Co., are hard-surfaced.
1936 (Dec 9) - A new shoreline route for US-31/M-72 is established along the East Arm of Grand Traverse Bay between Traverse City and Acme, beginning at the present-day Holiday Rd intersection and continuing northeasterly to the present-day 5 Mile Rd intersection. Not only does the new alignment bring the highway closer to the bay, it also removes a 90-degree turn and two railroad crossings. The former route along Holiday Rd easterly to 5 Mile Rd and then northerly via 5 Mile back to the the location is retained, however, for nearly a year.
1937 - Several realignments and route determinations during this year:
  • (Aug 30, Sept 27) - On August 30, a new trunkline route for US-12/US-31 through downtown Benton Harbor is officially added to the state trunkline system along Main St from Water St easterly to Fair Ave, then northerly via Fair Ave to the existing route along Territorial Rd. The former trunkline route northerly from Main St via Water St and easterly along Territorial to Fair remained in system for nearly a month before being turned back to local control on September 27.
  • (Aug 30) - A second new route determination for part of US-31, this one an eastern bypass of Saugatuck in Allegan Co. The former route through downtown Saugatuck via Lake, Gulver, Butler, Francis and Holland Sts is turned back to local control. Sources seem to indicate, however, that construction on the new bypass may not be complete until 1938.
  • (Aug 30) - Several sharp turns in the route of US-31 in Mason Co are replaced by a new, sweeping alignment for the highway southeast of Ludington. The former route along Meyers, Hesslund and Lenz Rds is turned back to local control.
  • (Aug 30) - The former route of US-31/M-72 in the East Bay area east of Traverse City via Holiday and 5 Mile Rds, bypassed by a new alignment completed in 1936, is turned back to local control.
  • (Aug 30, Dec 29) - The final segments of the new alignment of US-2 along the Lake Michigan shore in Mackinac Co between Brevort and St Ignace are officially established as state trunkline segments on Dec 29 and likely open about the same time, however the former route of US-2 from Brevort easterly via Worth Rd to Moran, then southeasterly via Tahquamenon Tr (present-day M-123) to Rogers Park is turned back to local control on Aug 30! While it could be assumed that either of these dates is when US-31 is removed from the U.P. and truncated back to the State Highway Ferry Docks in Mackinaw City, official MSHD maps will continue to show US-2 and US-31 running northerly from St Ignace concurrently to Rogers Park through 1939, where the US-31 designation appears to simply end while US-2 continues northerly toward Sault Ste Marie. One could speculate the state may have had ideas on extending US-31 from that point, possibly northerly along the Tahquamenon Trail (present-day M-123), but no other evidence has been found to date to support that speculation. Additionally, official maps show the spur from US-2 in St Ignace to the "new" State Highway docks as also being M-122 from 1936 on. In any event, US-31 is truncated back to Mackinaw City by 1939 for certain.
  • (Dec 29) - A brand new route for US-31, partially on new alignment, partially using existing roadway, is officially assumed into the state trunkline system from 1.4 miles northeast of Saugatuck (at 64th St) northeasterly via Blue Star Hwy to 58th St, then northerly via 58th St to the Allegan/Ottawa Co line, continuing northeasterly via Michigan St to the cnr of River Ave & State St in Holland (although the portion of Michigan from 33nd St to 28th St had been added on December 9 of the previous year). This new route is now signed as the mainline US-31 between Saugatuck and Holland. The former route via 64th St northerly to 32nd St, then easterly for two miles via 32nd to Lugers Rd, northerly on Lugers to South Shore Dr, easterly via South Shore Dr and 17th St to River Ave in Holland is redesignated as US-31A. This route, however, may have been open more than a year before it was officially determined.
1936-37 - The mainline route of US-31 is relocated onto what had previously been the US-31A bypass of Ludington following present-day BUS US-31/Pere Marquette Hwy from 6th St northerly to US-10/Ludington Ave. The former route of US-31 into Ludington via 6th St, Madison St, 2nd St and Washington Ave is temporarily redesignated as M-116 until being transferred to local control on August 30 and September 27, 1937.
1938 (early) - US-33 is commissioned in Michigan, completely co-signed with US-31 from its entrance at the Indiana state line near Niles northwesterly to downtown St Joseph, US-33's northern terminus. (From downtown St Joseph, the co-signed US-12/US-31 route continues northeasterly into downtown Benton Harbor, sans US-33.)
1938 (Dec 6) - US-31A between Saugatuck and Holland is cancelled as a state trunkline and the route is turned back to local control. This route lasted less than on year, as what was designated US-31A between Saugatuck and Holland was part of the mainline US-31 route until December 29, 1937.
1940 - Five more changes in 1940:
  • The Muskegon bypass, consisting of Getty Ave and Marquette Ave and formerly designated as US-31A in 1932, is redesignated as part of mainline US-31. The former route of US-31 through downtown Muskegon becomes US-31A.
  • (Nov 12) - The route of US-31 between Shelby and Hart in central Oceana Co is relocated onto a more direct alignment, along with a great deal of cut-and-fill through the area hills. The former route departed modern-day Oceana Dr two miles north of downtown Oceana and followed Water Rd northerly to Russell St (Polk Rd) on the southern limit of Hart. The new route continues northerly from the Water Rd turnoff via present-day Oceana Dr to Russell St-Polk Rd, turning westerly via Russell back to the former route at Water Rd-State St in Hart.
  • The concurrent designation with M-42 between Chum's Corner (two miles east of Grawn) and Traverse City is redesignated as M-37. This reflects M-37's extension into Traverse City along what had been part of M-42.
  • (Nov 12) - Also on November 12, a realignment on the west side of Petoskey relocates US-31 onto its present-day route from the cnr of Charlevoix Ave & Spring St northeasterly to the cnr of Mitchell & Liberty Sts, shaving more than 1/10th mile from the route. The former route via Charlevoix Ave easterly from Spring to Connable Ave, northerly one block on Connable to Jackson St, easterly two blocks on Jackson to Liberty and northerly via Liberty St back to Mitchell St is turned back to local control.
  • The concurrent designation with US-2 is removed between St Ignace and the former junction of US-2 and US-31 at Rogers Park, 9 miles north of St Ignace (the present-day junction of Old M-123 and Mackinac Trail/H-63). US-31 now ends with US-23 and US-27 at the State Ferry Docks in Mackinaw City.
c.1942-45 - At some point during World War II, US-33 is extended northerly nine blocks through downtown St Joseph. Formerly terminating at the southern jct of US-12 & US-31 (cnr Niles Ave & Main St), US-33 now ends at the cnr of Main St & Ship St, where US-12 & US-31 turn easterly toward downtown Benton Harbor. The reason for this extension is unknown, although it may have had something to do with the State Highway Dept's plans for a new bridge to be constructed across the St Joseph River at the northern end of Main St immediately following the War. (See October 27, 1949 entry below.)
1942 (Jan 28) - A new bypass around South Haven is completed and assumed into the state trunkline system along present-day Blue Star Hwy from M-140 south of the city northeasterly around the city, returning to the existing route at North Shore Dr northeast of the city. The former route through downtown via La Grange St, Phillips St, Broadway, Dyckman Ave and North Shore Dr is redesignated as BUS US-31.
1942 (Jan 28) - Also on this date, a new location for US-31 between Charlevoix and Bay Shore in Charlevoix Co is established as a state trunkline highway, but since this is within the first two months of the U.S. involvement in World War II, no work on the new alignment will be done until after the war is over. In the meanwhile, US-31 remains posted along the former route: Charlevoix-Boyne City Rd from Charlevoix easterly two miles, then northeasterly via present-day N Old US-31 to Murray Rd just west of Bay Shore. While this former route is officially turned back to local control, it remains "marked-and-maintained" by the State Highway Department until the new route is completed.
1943 (Feb 26) - A minor realignment at the 109th Ave intersection between South Haven and Glenn removes a sharp curve in the highway and also shortens the route by several hundreths of a mile. The former route via Ben St is turned back to local control.
c.1945 - For a time, US-31 is concurrently signed with ALT US-16 between Grand Haven and Muskegon Heights. This concurrent designation is removed by 1947.
1949 - Several changes along US-31 during this year:
  • The new relocation of US-31 between Charlevoix and Bay Shore, established in early 1942, is completed and opened to traffic. While the new alignment is 1/10th mile longer, the former route is a windy, narrow road with many turns, also twice crossing the C&O Railway line.
  • (Oct 27) - The new Blossomland Bridge, a bascule span, opens across the St Joseph River in downtown St Joseph, replacing an older structure on State St just downstream. The bridge sits on a northerly extension of Main St in St Joseph. One block south of the new Blossomland Bridge, US-31 continues to turn easterly concurrently with US-12 into dowtown Benton Harbor, however, as a new highway connecting the new bridge to existing US-31 north of the 'Twin Cities' is not complete. For the time being, traffic from the bridge detours west via Oak St to the now-severed N State St (present-day Upton Dr).
  • (Nov 7) - The route of US-31 in use since it was completed in 1930 from Bay Shore easterly for 3.4 miles to east of Townsend Rd in southwestern Emmet Co is officially established as a state trunkline while the former route via Church St and "Old US-31," which has not been posted as part of US-31 since 1930, is similarly transferred to local control. It is assumed these jurisdictional transfers are to clean up unfinished business from twenty years earlier.
  • (Nov 10) - The southwesterly approach into Traverse City for US-31/M-37 is completely revamped. Starting two miles north of Chums Corners, the highway formerly followed McCrae Hill Rd, a roadway since obliterated from present-day US-31/M-37 northeasterly to the 90-degree curve in South Airport Rd, then South Airport northerly to Veterans Dr (formerly Rennie St), Veterans (Rennie) northerly into Traverse City to 14th St, 14th easterly to Union St and Union northerly to jct M-22/M-72 at Front St downtown. Most of this route is turned back to local control on this date when the newly-completed route following present-day US-31/M-37 is established as a state trunkline from the southern intersection with McCrae Hill Rd northerly to 14th St in Traverse City. Oddly, this leaves a gap in the established route from the cnr of Division St & 14th St and Front St & Union St, although sources indicate the route of US-31/M-37 is likely signed northerly from 14th St along Division St to M-22/M-72/Front St, then easterly along M-22/M-72/Front St back to the former route at Union St.
1950 - A few changes to US-31 during 1950:
  • The concurrent US-33 designation with US-12/US-31 in downtown St Joseph is scaled back nine blocks to end at the jct of US-12/US-31/US-33 (Niles Ave & Main St), as it had prior to the War.
  • A new alignment for the Muskegon bypass opens following Hile Rd easterly from US-31/Grand Haven Rd to Harvey St, then northerly along Harvey to north of Marquette Ave where the route arcs back westerly to the existing US-31 route. The former route along Getty Ave and Marquette Ave is turned back to local control. BUS US-31 at Muskegon is extended slightly at each end to meet with the new mainline US-31.
  • (Nov 30) - A new alignment for US-31 is completed and opened to traffic from M-21/Chicago Dr at Holland northwesterly for 9.6 miles to West Olive where it rejoins its former route. The highway is built as a two-lane facility on a four-lane, limited access alignment. The former route remains an unsigned state trunkline for more than a year.
1951 - Two minor realignments in two communities along US-31 this year:
  • (July 2) - A minor realignment in New Era shaves 1/10th mile from the length of US-31. When the new "First St extension" is assumed as a state trunkline route on this date, the former route via Ray and 3rd Sts is turned back to local control.
  • (July 19) - A new 3/10th mile long southerly approach to the Manistee River bascule bridge is officially determined as a state trunkline via present-day Cypress St from River St at the southern end of the bridge southerly to First St where it rejoins the existing route. The former route westerly from Cypress along River St, southerly via Division St and easterly via First to Cypress is transferred to local control.
1952 (Feb 14) - Fifteen months after being superceeded by a new alignment for US-31 northeast of Holland, the former route from downtown at 8th St northerly via N River Ave, 136th Ave, and West Olive Rd to West Olive is turned back to local control.
1953 (Nov 6) - In a project designed to remove through traffic and trucks from the heart of Traverse City's downtown core, the entire length of Grandview Parkway running along the shoreline of the West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay is established as a state trunkline on this day and likely opens to traffic at the same time. Simultaneously, Division St from 14th St northerly to the new Grandview Pkwy is also established as a state trunkline, carrying US-31/M-37 northerly from the southwest corner of the city to the parkway where both routes turn easterly along with M-72 to follow Grandview bypassing downtown before merging back into Front St near Railroad Ave. (The rest of Grandview Pkwy from Division St northwesterly to M-72 becomes part of M-22/M-72.) The former route of US-31/M-37/M-72 along Front St from Division St easterly to the new Grandview Pkwy is transferred to local control.
1954 (Jan 4) - The "Elk Rapids bypass" realignment for US-31 is officially established, departing the exisiting route south of the village and swinging northeasterly then northerly following the Elk River shoreline bypassing downtown, across the Elk River, terminating at the existing route along Dexter St-Ames St, where all US-31 traffic turns easterly onto Ames St. The former route of US-31 through Elk Rapids via South Bayshore Dr, Ottawa St, Spruce St, River St and Dexter St is turned back to local control.
1954 (Jan 25) - A new alignment of US-31 opens beginning in downtown St Joseph at the corner of Ship & Main Sts, then north-northeasterly parallelling the Lake Michigan shoreline for about 4 miles to the former alignment at Paw Paw Ave. This former alignment along Paw Paw Ave from US-12/Main St in downtown Benton Harbor to the new highway is redesignated as an extension of M-139. This new route utilizes the new Blossomland Bridge, a bascule span over the St Joseph River, opened nearly 4-1/2 years earlier.
1955 - Several occurrences along the route of US-31 this year:
  • (Aug 3) - While the short portion of the "Holland Bypass" from M-21/Chicago Dr southerly to 16th St was determined as a state trunkline on November 3, 1950, the remainder of the bypass around the east and southern sides of the city are determined on this date and the whole route likely opens at the same time. The fomer route through downtown via Chicago Dr, 8th St, River Ave, Michigan St and Washington Ave becomes BUS US-31.
  • (Aug 3) - Also on this date, a new 4.99-mile long bypass (of sorts) of Pentwater is assumed into the state trunkline system and opened to traffic. The new alignment runs along present-day Oceana Dr between Monroe and Washington Rds and shaves three miles from the route of US-31 through downtown Pentwater, which is now redesignated as BUS US-31.
  • (Nov 18) - The US-31 realignment project south of the Manistee River bascule (draw) bridge in Mansitee begun in 1951 with the opening of the first phase is completed with a rerouting/realignment of the highway through the remainder of the city. From First St, US-31 now continues southerly via Cypress Ave to 8th St where it bends southeasterly via a new highway alignment along present-day Manistee Hwy before merging back into the existing route near the present-day intersection with Stronach Rd. The former stair-stepping route of US-31 is turned back to local control on this day. —Thanks to John McDowell for the heads-up!
1956 (Mar 26) - The route of US-31 in western Charlevoix Co is completely reconstructed from the west Charlevoix city limit southwesterly toward Norwood. While much of the 1956 alignment lies directly atop the previous route, a few minor relocations result in abandonments and obliterations of the old route. The one major relocation and cancellation occurs just southwest of the Charlevoix Municipal Airport where the road known today as "Old US-31 S" is bypassed by the present route of US-31 and turned back to local control.
1956 (Mar 26) - The shoreline routing of US-31 in Ottawa Co from Grand Haven southerly to the Lake Macatawa outlet, unconstructed since its determination in 1935, is officially removed from the books and cancelled as a potential trunkline routing.
1957 - Various changes to the route of US-31 during this year:
  • (June 17) - A new, more direct highway alignment is completed and opens to traffic from the center of Grand Haven Twp northerly via its present-day alignment and Beacon Blvd to Jackson St in the middle of the city of Grand Haven. The former route of US-31 from Ferris St northerly along 168th and Beechtree Sts, westerly via Fulton St and northerly again via 7th St to Jackson St is turned back to local control.
  • (June 24) - The remaining portion of the former route of US-31/M-37 along McCrae Hill Rd southwest of Traverse City, from Silver Pines Rd northerly to US-31/M-37, is turned back to local control. The rest of this former route of US-31/M-37 had been transferred in 1949 and its is unclear at present why this portion was retained for eight additional years.
  • (Oct 21) - One week prior to the opening of the new Mackinac Straits Bridge between Mackinaw City and Saint Ignace, the freeway approach highway is officially assumed into the state trunkline system from US-31/Nicolet Ave northerly to the foot of the new bridge. It is unclear whether the freeway opens to traffic as far as the Jamet St interchange for this next week or if traffic is only allowed on as of the bridge's opening on November 1st, however it can be assumed US-31 remains posted on its existing route to the State Highway Ferry Docks until that time when it is transferred to the freeway approach on the 1st, terminating with US-23 at the southern end of the bridge. Officially, though, the former route of US-31 along Nicolet Ave, the "Old 31" cut-across and along Huron st from the US-23/US-27 jct northerly to the ferry docks is transferred to local control on this date.
  • (Nov 25) - A new easterly bypass of Hart is officially assumed into the state trunkline system from Russell St-Polk Rd on the southern city limit northerly to N State St north of the city and likely opens to traffic at this time as well. The former route of US-31 through Hart via Russell St and State St is turned back to local control.
  1959 - Major changes come to US-31 from Grand Haven northerly through the Muskegon area:
  • (July 24, Oct 22) - The first portion of US-31 freeway is completed from the Grand River in Ferrysburg to just north of the US-16 & BUS US-31 jct southeast of Muskegon. The freeway is built parallel to Old US-31/Grand Haven Rd within a mile to the east, curving to the east north of Sternberg Rd and merging into the 1950 Harvey St bypass at Airport Rd just north of Airline Rd. The portion of the freeway in Ottawa Co is determined on July 24 (with the former route along 174th Ave transferred to local control) while the portion in Muskegon Co on October 22 (again, with the former route via Grand Haven Rd turned back to local control). The entire freeway likely opens in October.
  • (Oct 22) - In a major trunkline realignment project, a brand-new limited-access expressway route into downtown Muskegon from the southeast side is completed. The new Seaway Drive route, initially known as the "Norton-Glade Expressway," named for two of the existing streets the highway runs parallel to, is given the US-16/BUS US-31 designation and bypasses Muskegon Heights en route into downtown Muskegon where the route splits into two, parallel one-way streets, Muskegon Ave (nbd) and Webster Ave (sbd), to M-46/First St. The former BUS US-31 route along Merriam and Peck Sts is returned to local control.
1958 (Sept 9) - In a northerly continuation of the 1954 "Elk Rapids bypass," US-31 is relocated onto a new limited access alignment for approximately 7 miles beginning at Dexter St-Ames St in Elk Rapids northerly, merging back into the former route at Cairn Hwy north of Kewadin. The highway is a two-lane facility built on four lane right-of-way, though the proposed northbound lanes would never be constructed. The former route along Ames St and Cairn Hwy from Elk Rapids through Kewadin is turned back to local control.
1959 - A new drawbridge and a new freeway completion for US-31:
  • (June 12) - A new six-lane bascule (draw) bridge is completed spanning the Grand River between Grand Haven and Ferrysburg, replacing the 1924 swing bridge. The new structure consists of nine spans, is 750 feet long, and clears the river channel by about 25 feet.
  • (Nov 25) - Two miles of new freeway are completed and opened to traffic from the Nicolet St interchange (present-day Exit 337) south of Mackinaw City southerly and a new freeway connection is made with I-75 three miles south of Mackinaw City. From Mackinaw Hwy, US-31 now turns northeasterly for a short distance and merges into the new freeway to continue northerly with I-75 to end at the foot of the Mackinac Bridge. (The future direct alignment from the corner of Mackinaw Hwy and the new US-31 ramps southwesterly to Carp Lake would not open for more than two more years.) The former route of US-31 along Mackinaw Hwy from the Nicolet St interchange southerly to the ramps from present-day Exit 336 is turned back to local control.
1960 - A pair of changes along the route US-31 this year:
  • The 1950 "Harvey St bypass" route along the east side of the City of Muskegon is converted from a two-lane surface route to a fully-controlled access freeway from the northern end of the completed freeway (1959) near Airport Rd southeast of the city northerly either atop (Airport-Laketon) or immediately adjacent to (Laketon-Lawrence) the Harvey St route to Lawrence Ave approximately 1/4 mile north of the M-46/Apple Ave interchange, where it temporarily merges back down into the two-lane Harvey St alignment. (The portion of this route from Laketon Ave northerly to Lawrence Ave is determined as a trunkline and the former route via Harvey St is turned back to local control on October 12, 1961, however sources indicate it was likely complete and open to traffic in 1960.)
  • The US-33 designation is also extended along US-31 northerly from St Joseph for about 10 miles, in preparation for the realignment of US-31 via the new freeway under construction northerly from I-94.
1960 (Aug 19) - A sweeping curve is added to the route of US-31 in northernmost Mason Co to replace two sharp 90-degree turns in the highway. The former route via Hoague and LaSalle Rds is turned back to local control on this date. —Thanks to John McDowell for the heads-up!
1961 (Sept 25) - The "downtown Petoskey bypass" route for US-31, also known as Sunset Dr, is officially determined as a state trunkline and likely opens at this time as well. The new two-lane bypass takes traffic out of Petoskey's downtown core and removes three 90-degree turns from the route as well. The former route along Mitchell St from Elizabeth St easterly to Howard St, northerly via Howard to Bay St, easterly on Bay to Lewis St and northerly via Lewis back to Sunset Dr is turned back to local control.
1962 - Two changes come to US-31 this year:
  • While not yet officially determined as a state trunkline routing (that would happen the next year), the first seven-mile segment of the I-96/US-31 freeway is completed and open from I-94 to US-31/US-33/Hagar Shore Rd near the Berrien/Van Buren Co line. The US-31 designation is routed northerly from Scottdale via the ex-M-139 to I-94, then northeasterly with I-94 to the new freeway (at present-day Exit 34) and then northerly to the end of the freeway at Hagar Shores Rd (at present-day Exit 7). The former route of US-31 through St Joseph between Scottdale and Hagar Shore Rd becomes solely US-33.
  • In the Muskegon area, with the decommissioning of US-16 in Michigan, the routing of US-16/BUS US-31 into downtown Muskegon becomes BS I-196/BUS US-31.
  • (Sept 29, Nov 15) - On Sept 29, the new two-lane, controlled-access realignment of US-31 from Carp Lake northeasterly to Mackinaw Hwy at the new I-75 interchange south of Mackinaw City officially becomes a state trunkline and likely opens at the same time. The former route via Mackinaw Hwy and Paradise Tr is transferred to local control. On Nov 15, the short portion of the US-31 alignment east of Mackinaw Hwy to the I-75 interchange is officially determined as a state trunkline (the same day all of I-75 in Cheboygan Co is similarly determined), but this is likely just an official date of transfer, as I-75 and the US-31 interchange had been complete here for two years.
1963 (Sept 30) - The I-196/US-31 freeway (recently redesignated from I-96/US-31 within two years) from I-94 northeast of Benton Harbor northerly to the Van Buren/Allegan Co line at South Haven is determined as part of the state trunkline highway system. The first seven miles from I-94 to Hagar Shore Rd opened to traffic in 1962, while the remainder northerly from there past South Haven likely opens at this time. The former route of US-31 along Blue Star Hwy from Hagar Shore Rd in northern Berrien Co northerly to M-140 south of South Haven is turned back to local control, while the portion bypassing South Haven is redesignated as part of a brand-new BL I-196 routing.
1963 (Sept 30) - Also determined on this date in Manistee Co are two slight realignments to the route of US-31: from northeast of Milarch Rd northeasterly to Lyman Rd in the Norwalk area and in the immediate vicinity of the 9 Mile Rd Linderman Rd intersection. The two segments of the former route of US-31 are both turned back to local control.
1963 (Dec 16) - Two trunkline determinations for the I-96-turned-I-196 freeway in Allegan Co, with the route likely being determined as I-196/US-31 instead of the originally-proposed I-96/US-31 designation. The determinations are from the Van Buren/Allegan Co line to existing US-31 (at Exit 36) south of Douglas, and from existing US-31 (at Exit 41) northeast of Saugatuck to existing US-31/Washington Ave on the southside of Holland. The former route of US-31 from the cnr of Dyckman Ave & North Shore Dr in South Haven to south of Douglas and from northeast of Saugatuck to the southside of Holland is turned back to local control.
1964 (June 30) - A major extension of the US-31 freeway from Lawrence Ave (north of M-46/Apple Ave) in Muskegon northerly past Whitehall and Montague is assumed into the state trunkline system and likely opens to traffic at this time. The new freeway narrows down immediately north of the Fruitvale Rd interchange north of Montague and merges back into the existing highway near Meinert Park Rd. The former route of US-31 along Whitehall Rd from M-20 (present-day M-120/Holton Rd) in North Muskegon northerly to Colby Rd on the east side of Whitehall is turned back to local control. In related transfers, Colby Rd from Whitehall Rd easterly to the new US-31 freeway interchange and Fruitvale Rd from Whitehall Rd easterly to the freeway are transferred to state control as part of a new BUS US-31 route through Whitehall and Montague, running primarily along the former route of US-31 through those cities.
1964 (July 31) - The I-196/US-31 Douglas/Saugatuck "bypass" is determined from existing US-31 at Exit 36 to existing US-31 at Exit 41 and likely opens at the same time. The former route of US-31 along Blue Star Hwy is turned back to local control.
1965 - To compliment the Seaway Dr alignment completed in late 1959 leading into downtown Muskegon from the southeast, the loop route is certified as a state trunkline in two segments this year and likely opens as BUS US-31 at this same time:
  • (Jan 20) - A new northside limited-access connector is completed and certified as a state trunkline on this date from the present-day intersection of Skyline Dr (Moses J Jones Pkwy) & Bayou Ave on the north side of Muskegon northerly a short distance to a complex new intersection with M-20 (present-day M-120) before turning easterly to a new tri-level interchange at the US-31 freeway northeast of the city. With the new highway opening, the BUS US-31 temporary routing via M-20 north across Veterans Memorial Causeway into North Muskegon then northeasterly to US-31 is removed and transferred to its new permanent route. The following segments of the former route of US-31 not subsumed under new highway alignments include:
    • Ottawa St from Bayou Ave northerly to the cul-de-sac near the BUS US-31 & M-20 (present-day M-120) junction;
    • Access Hwy from west of Getty St easterly to the US-31 freeway at Broadmoor St;
    • Harvey St from north of Brusse Ave southerly to Marcoux Ave near Mercy General Hospital.
  • (June 25) - The final piece of the new BUS US-31 loop through Muskegon is completed when Skyline Dr (Moses J Jones Pkwy) is certified as a state trunkline from Bayou Ave southerly to Muskegon Ave (nbd) and Western Ave (sbd), continuing southwesterly through downtown via Muskegon-Webster to M-46/First St, meeting up with the 1959 portion of the new business route. At the same time, the former route of BUS US-31 along First St from Webster Ave to Clay Ave and Clay Ave-Ottawa St from First northeasterly to Bayou Ave is turned back to local control.
1966 (July 1) - Two realignments to the route of US-31 in northeastern Grand Traverse Co are officially certified on this date. The first realignment at Yuba straightens the route of the highway with the former route being either abandoned or obliterated. The second relocation removes two sharper turns in the highway beginning at Bates Rd and continuing southwesterly, with the former US-31 from Bates Rd southwesterly being abandoned as a public road and the portion along Bates Rd itself being turned back to local control.
1967 (June 16) - A minor realignment in the Village of Honor in Benzie Co shaves a few hundredths of a mile from the route of US-31, with the former route being turned back to local control.
1969, 1971 - The former US-31 (Blue Star Hwy) between South Haven and Holland is designated as A-2 in 1969, one of two original County Designated Highways. A-2 is extended in 1971 southerly along Blue Star Hwy to end at US-33 in Berrien County.
1972 - The former US-31/Blue Star Hwy alignment around South Haven, designated as BL I-196 in 1963, is redesignated as a portion of A-2, although it remains a state trunkline into the 1980s. (This, ironically, was the original bypass of South Haven from the mid-1940s, which itself was bypassed twenty years later.) The route of BL I-196 is then transferred to the downtown route through South Haven on its present-day alignment.
1972 (Dec 15) - A minor realignment just west of Petoskey in Emmet Co shaves a few hundredths of a mile from the route of US-31 between Black Bird Rd and Resort Pike, with the former route being relinquished and obliterated.
1973 - The new I-196 freeway is completed between exisiting I-196/US-31 southwest of Holland and Grand Rapids. At this time, a new BL I-196 designation is routed along US-31 northerly toward Holland, then northerly on BUS US-31 into and through downtown, and finally easterly along the former M-21 past Zeeland back to I-196.
1975 - Two new freeway developments in Oceana and northern Muskegon Counties:
  • (Apr 16) - An 18.09-mile long northerly extension of the US-31 freeway from just north of the Fruitvale Rd interchange north of Montague northerly to Polk Rd west of Hart is officially determined as a state trunkline highway routing. The freeway is not yet complete at this time, however, and would be opened in two stages, the first of which would come later in the year. Also transferred to state control on this date is Polk Rd itself from the new US-31 freeway interchange easterly to State St and State northerly from Polk to Lincoln St, ostensibly for a new BUS US-31 route once the freeway is completed and is likely not signed in the field at this time.
  • Later in 1975, the first stage of the US-31 freeway extension into Oceana Co opens from the northern end of the completed freeway three miles north of Montague to the new M-20 extension at Stoney Lake Rd near New Era, where US-31 temporarily turns easterly via the M-20 extension back to its former alignment. The former US-31 routing via Whitehall Rd in Muskegon Co (north of B-15/B-23/Fruitvale Rd) and OLD US-31/Oceana Dr in Oceana Co becomes an unsigned state trunkline.
1976 - Two more freeway developments in Oceana Co:
  • Another new portion of US-31 freeway is completed and opened to traffic from M-20 at New Era northerly to Polk Rd west of Hart. There, US-31 traffic is routed easterly via Polk Rd to the existing US-31. OLD US-31/Oceana Dr from M-20 northerly through Shelby to Polk Rd at Hart becomes an extension of the unsigned state trunkline.
  • (Dec 14) - With constrution yet to begin in earnest, a 5.66-mile long extension of the US-31 freeway in Oceana Co from Polk Rd at Hart northerly to just north of the BUS US-31/Monroe Rd interchange southeast of Pentwater is officially determined as a state trunkline. This portion of the freeway would not open for nearly two years.
1977 (Mar 23) - The 0.37 mile portion of Polk Rd at Hart from State St easterly to Oceana Dr is "temporarily" transferred to state control on this date, primarily because Polk Rd is now operating as the temporary connector between the northern end of the new US-31 freeway west of Hart and the existing highway along Oceana Dr southeast of downtown. As of 2006, this "temporary" connector is still an unsigned state trunkline.
1977 - A nine-mile stretch of US-31 Freeway in the wooded hills of Oceana Co is named most beautiful highway in the country in a forest environment in a national competition sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration.
1978 - The US-31 freeway is extended northerly 5-1/2 miles from Polk Rd at Hart to the southern leg of BUS US-31 (at the Monroe Rd interchange) southeast of Pentwater and US-31 is temporarily directed easterly via Monroe Rd (formerly part of BUS US-31) back to its previous route at Oceana Dr. OLD US-31/Oceana Dr from Polk Rd at Hart northerly to Monroe Rd becomes yet another extension of the unsigned "OLD US-31" state trunkline, as does Polk Rd from the US-31 freeway easterly to Oceana Dr/OLD US-31.
1979 (Jan 24, 1980) - A portion of the new US-31 freeway extending northerly from Indiana near South Bend to US-12/Pulaski Hwy just southwest of Niles is opened to traffic in late 1979. From the northern end of the new freeway, US-31 is routed easterly via US-12 for approximately one mile, then northeasterly via BUS US-12 (Chicago Rd, Lincoln St/Grant-St Joseph Sts & W Main St) into downtown Niles, where it meets up with its former route and the co-signed US-33. The former US-31/US-33 between South Bend, Indiana and Niles becomes solely US-33. Oddly, though, the freeway itself from the state line to US-12 is not officially determined as a state trunkline until January 24, 1980. —Thanks to Marc Fannin for clarification on this routing!
1980 (Oct 16-21) - The US-31 freeway in Oceana Co is extended northerly from the southern leg of BUS US-31 (at the Monroe Rd interchange) southeast of Pentwater to the northern jct of BUS US-31 & US-31 on the Oceana/Mason Co line, where the new freeway merges back down into the existing two-lane alignment of Pere Marquette Rd just inside Mason Co. This designation is official on October 16 and the freeway likely opens to traffic at this time. OLD US-31/Oceana Dr between the junctions of BUS US-31 east of Pentwater becomes an extension of the existing unsigned state trunkline. Across the county line in Mason Co, a further northerly extension of the US-31 freeway is officially determined as a state trunkline a few days later on October 21 all the way from the county line to US-10 east of Ludington. It would be a decade before all of this portion of the freeway will be open to traffic, however.
1984 - The entire routing of BS I-96 in Muskegon/Muskegon Heights is removed and BUS US-31 becomes the sole routing along Seaway Dr.
1986 (Aug 25) - US-31's companion route through much of Berrien Co, US-33, is drastically scaled back from north of Coloma to end at jct US-31 & BUS US-12 in downtown Niles. The former US-31/US-33 between Niles and Scottdale becomes solely US-31 and all of the ex-US-33 between Scottdale and I-196/US-31 at Exit 7 north of Coloma is redesignated as M-63. While the changeover from US-33 is made official on this date, it's unclear precisely when the route markers themselves are changed, although it appears to be around this same time.
1987 - A couple changes to US-31 and associated routes in 1987:
  • The US-31 freeway bypass of Niles is extended northerly from US-12/Pulaski Hwy to Walton Rd northwest of Niles, where US-31 now turns northeasterly via Walton back to its existing route. A new BUS US-31 routing at Niles is then created by cobbling together a variety of different routes: From the US-31 & US-12 interchange, the new BUS US-31 proceeds easterly via US-12 to US-33/11th St, then northerly via 11th St supplanting the US-33 routing into downtown Niles, then westerly via BUS US-12/Main St to Front St (the former route of US-31), then northerly via Front St and the former US-31 to Walton Rd, where it terminates. The former route of US-31 (not assumed into the new BUS US-31 routing) via BUS US-12 (Chicago Rd, Lincoln St/Grant-St Joseph Sts & W Main St) in Niles retains the BUS US-12 designation. —Thanks to Marc Fannin for clarification on this routing!
  • A new "spur" business routing debuts as BUS US-31 via Polk Rd and State St into downtown Hart.
1989 - The US-31 freeway is extended northerly from BUS US-31 at the Oceana/Mason Co line to the existing route southeast of Ludington, approximately 3 miles south of US-10. The former route of US-31 via Pere Marquette Hwy from the Oceana/Mason Co line to the northern end of the new freeway segment becomes an extension of the unsigned "OLD US-31" state trunkline.
1990 - The second segment of the US-31 freeway in southern Mason Co is completed and opens to traffic from the end of the existing freeway at the Old US-31/Pere Marquette Hwy interchange southeast of Ludington to US-10/US-31 east of the city. The section of former US-31 via Pere Marquette Hwy between the US-31 freeway interchange and US-10 at Ludington is retained as an unsigned state trunkline as "OLD US-31," but would become BUS US-31 fifteen years later.
1991 - A new two-lane Scottville bypass is completed from US-10 around the west side of Scottville in Mason Co. The former route of US-31 from US-10 in downtown Scottville to the new bypass is turned back to local control.
1992 - The US-31 freeway is extended northerly from Walton Rd (Exit 7) northwest of Niles to existing US-31 (present-day Exit 15) immediately northwest of Berrien Springs. This highway, orignally intended to be a fully-controlled access freeway, is opened as a four-lane, divided, partially-controlled access expressway with access only at the many crossroads. This new expressway was first opened with two-way traffic on one side of the highway in early November, with the other half of the expressway opening approximately a week later. (Thanks Marc!). The portion of what had been signed as US-31 along Walton Rd between Old 31/BUS US-31 is now signed as an extension of BUS US-31, while the remainder of the former route from Walton Rd northerly through Berrien Springs becomes an unsigned state trunkline designated as "OLD US-31" while locally referred to as "Old 31."
1996-97 - Conversion of the US-31 expressway in Berrien County to full freeway is all but completed (with the exception of the Matthew Rd intersection) with four new overpasses and two new interchanges constructed. Also, the concurrently designated portions of BUS US-31 (with US-12 and BUS US-12) between Exit 3 and downtown Niles is removed, making BUS US-31 at Niles a "spur-route" into downtown from the north.
1997 - Construction begins on the third of three pairs of St Joseph River bridges at Berrien Springs as work commences on the fourth of five "phases" of US-31 Freeway construction in Berrien Co. This "phase" will eventually include the extension of the freeway northerly from the existing US-31 routing at Berrien Springs to Napier Ave east of Benton Harbor.
1998 - The conversion of the third "phase" of the US-31 freeway to full freeway standards is complete as the seemingly-unnecessary Matthew Rd overpasses northwest of Niles are completed. Until this time, the speed limit on this portion of US-31 had to be artificially lowered from 65 mph (then the upper limit of freeway speed limits in Michigan) to 55 mph because of this one remaining intersection. With the overpassing of Matthew Rd, a narrow, gravel-surfaced, sparsely-inhabited country lane, the last intersection on the US-31 freeway north of Walton Rd has been removed and the speed limit is raised to 70 mph, the recently-increased maximum rural freeway limit.
1999 (June 21) - MDOT announces its selection of the 120th Ave Corridor in Ottawa Co as it's choice in the completion of the US-31 freeway in the area. Their choice is the so-called "F/J1" alternative, which includes a new Grand River crossing almost eight miles upstream from the current Grand Haven US-31 drawbridge. Construction is projected to begin in 2010 running through 2024. More info: US-31 Freeway in Ottawa County.
2000 (Nov 9) - All 1.08 miles of OLD US-31/First St (Oceana Dr) within the Village of New Era and the 1.83 miles of OLD US-31/State St in the City of Shelby, both in Oceana Co, are turned back to local control.
2001 (Oct 9) - The two miles of OLD US-31/Oceana Dr from the Muskegon/Oceana Co line northerly to the south limits of Rothbury in southern Oceana Co are turned back to local control.
2002 (Sept 24) - MDOT announces it will not proceed with plans for the proposed Petoskey Bypass at this time. At present, it seems the project is dead. More info: US-31 Bypass at Petoskey.
2002 - Several jurisdictional transfers along OLD US-31 in Muskegon and Oceana Counties:
  • The 1.96-mile long stretch of OLD US-31/Whitehall Rd in northern Muskegon Co from jct BUS US-31 & B-15 north of Montague northerly to the Muskegon/Oceana Co line is turned back to local control.
  • (Mar 20) - Two additional segments of OLD US-31/Oceana Dr are transferred to local control on this date: 2-1/2 miles from the north limits of Rothbury to the south limits of New Era and 0.37 miles from the north limits of New Era to M-20.
2003 (Aug 27) - A 9.1-mile extension of the US-31 freeway in Berrien Co is opened to traffic, connecting the northern end of the existing freeway at Berrien Springs with Napier Ave east of Benton Harbor. This is the fourth of five informal "phases" of the freeway in Berrien Co and it removes through traffic off the rather dangerous former route of US-31 between Berrien Springs and I-94. This portion of the freeway features the third (and final) pair of St Joseph River crossings as well as interchanges at Tabor Rd, Pipestone Rd/Sodus Pkwy and Napier Ave. The former route of US-31 between the freeway at Berrien Springs (at Exit 15) and I-94 south of Benton Harbor/St Joseph is redesignated as an extension of M-139, instead of an extension of M-63 as had been originally proposed and confirmed by several MDOT documents. More info: US-31 Freeway in Berrien County.
c.2004 - The 6.71 miles of OLD US-31 along Pere Marquette Hwy in southwestern Mason Co is transferred to local control from BUS US-31 on the Oceana/Mason Co line northerly to the US-31 interchange with Pere Marquette southeast of Ludington.
2005 (Spring) - A brand-new BUS US-31 designation is signed for the first time along Pere Marquette Hwy, the former route of US-31, on the east side of Ludington, from the Pere Marquette Hwy interchange along the US-31 freeway northerly to US-10. As of early May 2005, BUS US-31 route marker assemblies are posted along the new route, but not along the intersecting highways. It is also unclear if MDOT will sign this new route as a spur, terminating on the north at US-10, or as a full loop, by co-signing it along US-10 between Pere Marquette Hwy and the US-31 freeway interchange.
  2005 (Aug 3) - An additional 8.4 miles of OLD US-31/Oceana Dr in Oceana Co is turned back to local control: beginning at the north end of the South Branch Pentwater River bridge north of Hart and continuing northerly to the north jct of BUS US-31 & US-31 on the Oceana/Mason Co line. Also transferred on this date is the 1.11-mile long segment of OLD BUS US-31 along Monroe Rd between US-31 and OLD US-31/Oceana Dr, also in northern Oceana Co.
  2006 (Nov 8) - MDOT announces the route designation for the northernmost seven miles for the proposed US-31 Freeway in Ottawa County will be M-231.
Freeway: Currently, three segments of US-31 are constructed as freeway:
  1. From southern entrance at the Indiana state line northerly to Napier Ave east of Benton Harbor. (24.1 miles)
  2. From jct I-94 (at Exit 28) & I-196 northeast of Benton Harbor to the Washington Ave-Blue Star Hwy interchange on the south side of Holland. (47.4 miles)
  3. From the Grand River Drawbridge on the border between Grand Haven and Ferrysburg to US-10 east of Ludington. (66 miles)
Expressway: At present two segments of US-31 exist as expressway:
  1. From the northern end of the freeway segment on the south side of Holland to Port Sheldon Rd north of Holland.
  2. From Ferris St to Robbins Rd on the south side of Grand Haven.
NHS: Entire current route.
Circle Tour: Lake Michigan Circle Tour in six segments:
  1. From M-63 at Hagar Shores to the southern jct of BL I-196 at South Haven.
  2. Updated From the northern jct of BL I-196 at South Haven to the southern jct of BUS US-31 in Norton Shore. NOTE: With the removal of BUS US-31 at Holland in August 2004, the LMCT no longer runs through downtown Holland. Signage to this effect was finally corrected in 2010.
  3. From the northern jct of BUS US-31 at Muskegon to the southern jct of BUS US-31 at Whitehall.
  4. Updated From the northern jct of BUS US-31 at Montague to the southern jct of BUS US-31 southeast of Pentwater. NOTE: With route marker signage changes in LMCT-2011, it is unclear whether the official LMCT route still uses BUS US-31 through Pentwater. If attempting to follow the LMCT route, understand there may no longer be LMCT signs through Pentwater.
  5. From the northern jct of BUS US-31 northeast of Pentwater to M-22 northeast of Manistee.
  6. From the jct of M-22/M-72 & US-31/M-37 in Traverse City to northern terminus south of Mackinaw City.
Business Connections: Updated FORMER BUS US-31 - Niles. A former spur route from US-31 at Exit 7 to BUS US-12 in downtown. Decommissioned in the field, 2010.
FORMER BUS US-31 - Holland. Formerly ran from US-31 (at Exit 47) on the south side of the city to jct US-31 & BL I-196 east of downtown. Decommissioned in August 2004.
BUS US-31 - Muskegon. From jct US-31 & I-96 in Norton Shores to US-31 northeast of downtown Muskegon.
BUS US-31 - Whitehall/Montague. From US-31 east of Whitehall to US-31 north of Montague.
BUS US-31 - Hart. Spur route from US-31 west of Hart into downtown.
BUS US-31 - Pentwater. Loop through Pentwater from the Monroe Rd interchange southeast of town to the Oceana Dr interchange northeast of town.
BUS US-31 - Ludington. From US-31 at the Pere Marquette Hwy interchange southeast of Ludington to US-10 east of the city.
Continue on: US-31 into Indiana - via the Indiana Highway Ends website
Photographs:
Weblinks: • Detailed, in-depth information on four US-31 projects can be found on their own pages:
US-31 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of US-31 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.
Michiana Roads - part of Marc Fannin's Roadfan.com website dedicated to the area of Southwest Michigan and Northern Indiana known by many as "Michiana."
US-31 Freeway Connection to I-94 - from MDOT, giving information on the alternatives and plans for the final phase of the US-31 Freeway in Berrien Co.
St. Joseph Valley Parkway Extension - a page documenting the portion of the US-31 freeway opened to traffic in August 2003 by Dan Garnell.
Grand Haven US 31 Bridge - an informative page from the Loutit District Library in Grand Haven, complete with historical photographs.
[Old] US-31 / Pentwater River Bridge - from MDOT, "This long-span steel bridge crosses the Pentwater River at the northern periphery of Hart, the Oceana County seat."
US-31 / Manistee River Bridge - from MDOT, including two photographs of the structure.
US-31 / Island Lake Outlet Bridge - from MDOT, "The double-leaf bascule bridge spans Island Lake Outlet, also known as the Pine River Channel."
US-31 & M-68 / Bear Creek Bridge - from MDOT, "This is the fourth longest concrete girder bridge in Michigan, with seven spans providing an overall length of 265 feet."
Mackinac Straits Historical Photos - a collection of photos from the 1950s with scenes during and just after construction of the Mackinac Bridge.
US-31 Freeway Rest Area Trail - from Joan H Young's "Get Off The Couch" website: "Admittedly this isn't much of a hike, but it is a great site for an afternoon stroll, exploring the woods, views of Lake Michigan, and perhaps a picnic."

M-32 Western Terminus: M-66 in East Jordan (cnr Lake & Water Sts)
Eastern Terminus: US-23 in downtown Alpena (cnr 2nd Ave & Chisholm St for eastbound traffic; cnr 3rd Ave & Chisholm St for westbound traffic)
Length: 100.14 miles
Map: Route Map of M-32
Notes: On the Federal Highway Administration's NHS System map for Michigan, all of M-32 between US-131 and Alpena is shown as a part of the National Highway System (NHS), with the exception of a "proposed" segment from the cnr of Beckett & Turtle Lake Rds six miles east of Gaylord to the crossroads known as Big Rock five miles west of Atlanta. This suggests a proposed 15-mile long relocation of the highway in eastern Otsego and western Montmorency Cos that MDOT has long proposed may still come to fruition someday.
From 1963 to 1974, while M-32 ran concurrently with M-66 from East Jordan into Charlevoix, this route was a "cross-peninsular" highway: it extended from Lake Michigan at Charlevoix to Lake Huron at Alpena.
  A story in the September 18, 2005 edition of the Traverse City Record-Eagle notes local officials from municipalities in southwest Charlevoix and northwest Antrim counties are interested in petitioning MDOT to extend M-32 westerly from East Jordan through the Ellsworth area to US-31 near Atwood, once again restoring the route as a true "cross-peninsular" highway. Some of the officials are considering asking MDOT to assume control of what is now designated C-48, however the route is currently not up to state trunkline standards throughout, so additional upgrades would be necessary before it could receive the M-32 designation. The article also noted: "Five local governments in Antrim and Charlevoix counties passed resolutions in favor of M-32's extension, with another three expected to take up the issue soon."
History: c.1920 - M-32 follows is present-day routing (albeit roughly) from M-13 (later US-131) near Elmira to M-10 (later US-23, present-day M-65) at Lachine in Alpena Co.
1926 - With the debut of the US Highway system in Michigan, M-32's termini become M-131 (west) and US-23 (east).
1933 - By 1933, M-32 is extended from its western terminus at M-131 (later US-131) one mile west of Elmira, westwerly via M-131 for an additional mile, then northwesterly for 15 miles to end at M-66 in East Jordan. Also, some 1933 highway maps show M-32 concurrently designated with US-23 between Lachine and Alpena, possibly as an early signal of the US-23 rerouting to come at the end of the decade.
1939 - M-131 becomes US-131 and the concurrent segment of M-32/M-131 becomes US-131/M-32. In addition, the new US-23 routing opens north of Alpena, removing the concurrency between Alpena and Lachine and the route becomes solely M-32.
1949 - US-131 is realigned at the M-32 junction west of Elmira.
1958 - The final several miles of gravel-surfaced M-32 are paved, at the Antrim/Charlevoix Co line.
1963 - In a puzzling move, the route of M-32 is extended northerly from East Jordan concurrently with M-66 to end at US-31 (along with M-66) on the south side of Cheboygan. No reasoning behind this extension has yet been found.
1973 - A new alignment just east of Gaylord shaves about a mile off the length of the route and the former route is turned back to local control.
1974 - The puzzling M-32 extension via M-66 becomes history when M-32 is scaled back from Charlevoix to its pre-1963 western terminus at M-66 in East Jordan.
c.1994 - A new bypass on the south side of Hillman opens. Interestingly, M-32 becomes disconnected from BUS M-32 into downtown Hillman at the time. This bypass segment is actually a small portion of a much-grander plan to realign much of M-32 in eastern Montmorency Co. It remains unclear whether the rest of the M-32 relocation west of Hillman will ever be completed.
1995 - A new alignment of M-32/M-33 opens east of Atlanta smoothing out some sharper curves and redesigning the M-32 & M-33 intersection.
Freeway/Expwy: No portion of M-32 is freeway or expressway.
NHS: From US-131 to eastern terminus at Alpena, except for a "proposed" segment (as shown on the FHWA's Michigan NHS System map) from the cnr of Beckett & Turtle Lake Rds six miles east of Gaylord to the crossroads known as Big Rock five miles west of Atlanta.
Business Connection: BUS M-32 - Hillman. From cnr Hillman Rd & Old M-32 on the south side of town to the northern Hillman corporate limit.
Photographs:
Weblinks: M-32 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-32 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.

US-33 HISTORIC
U.S. HIGHWAY
A relative late-comer in terms of U.S. Highways in Michigan, US-33 was never a very long highway and, while it came close, never even left Berrien County. It was also concurrently designated with other highways for much of its length and was finally decommissioned due to a situation in another state! Please see the Historic US-33 page for more information on this historic U.S. Highway.

M-33 Southern Terminus: I-75 at Exit 202 at Alger
Northern Terminus: M-27 approximately four miles south of downtown Cheboygan
Length: 122.65 miles
Map: Route Map of M-33
Notes: The portion of M-33 between Onaway and Cheboygan was the former route for US-23 in the 1930s and into the 1940s.
Michigan State Highway Department sources from the 1930s and '40s show a proposed realignment for M-33 between the present 90-degree curve between Mio and Fairview in central Oscoda Co and the western jct of M-32 & M-33 in downtown Atlanta. The proposed route would have been a direct northern continuation of M-33 out of Mio into Atlanta, shaving about ten miles from the route. Of course, such a massive relocation of the highway never occurred, and M-33 has continued to use the same Fairview-to-Atlanta routing since the 1920s.
In addition to the major proposed relocation noted above, the State Highway Department has also long proposed making major changes to the route of M-32/M-33 east of Atlanta on a more direct alignment between that community and Hillman on the eastern boundary of Montmorency Co. As a part fo that proposal, M-33 would extend in a north-northwesterly direction from the current eastern jct of that highway and M-32 to meet up with the relocated M-32, then turn westerly from there into Atlanta. It seems such a realignment may also be doomed to the history books as it may never come to fruition.
History: c.1920 - In the early 1920s, M-33 runs along its present-day routing only from M-32 six miles east of Atlanta to downtown Mio. From Mio, M-33 runs westerly and southwesterly along portions of the routes that would later become M-72 and M-144 (later M-18) to end at M-76 seven miles east of Roscommon on the Crawford/Roscommon Co line. At this time, M-33 is the sole north-south route in northeastern Michigan between the "shoreline" route of M-10 (later US-23) and the "up-the-middle" route of M-18 (later M-14, then US-27, now I-75).
c.1928 - By 1928, M-33 is realigned south of Mio to follow (roughly) its present-day route through Rose City before ending at M-55 at Campbells Corners (present cnr of Campbell & State Rds), 6 miles northeast of West Branch. The former M-33 southwest of Mio to M-76 becomes a part of the newly designated M-72 from M-76 to Mio, then easterly to Harrisville on the Lake Huron shore, then southerly (along present-day US-23) to Oscoda.
1934 - The M-33 routing is extended from its northern terminus at M-32 five miles east of Atlanta, westerly along M-32 to Atlanta, then northerly for 26 miles to end at US-23 (present-day M-68) on the western limit of Onaway. The portion of the new route from M-32 in Atlanta to the Montmorency/Presque Isle Co line runs via a newly constructed "earth-surfaced" roadway. Also farther south, M-33 is realigned to run due south from Rose City along its present-day alignment to M-55 at Old State Rd.
1938 - With the southerly relocation of M-55 from West Branch for 14 miles easterly, M-33 is also extended southerly for two miles to meet up with the new M-55 routing (10 miles south of Rose City).
1940 - With the realignment of US-23 along the Lake Huron shore between Rogers City and Cheboygan, M-33 is extended concurrently with the newly-designated M-68 west from Onaway for 10 miles to Fingerboard Corner, then northerly for another 17 miles as solely M-33 to end at US-27 four miles south of downtown Cheboygan. Even with the extension, one of the longest continuous sections of paved M-33 is the formerly earthen-surfaced track north of Atlanta, now hard-surfaced into Presque Isle Co.
c.1944 - M-33 is extended due southerly from its southern terminus at M-55 to end at M-76 one mile northwest of Alger, adding 10 miles to the route.
1951 - M-33/M-72 between Mio and Fairview is realigned onto its present alignment, eliminating two 90º turns.
1958 - The last segment of gravel-surfaced M-33 is paved, between the communities of Tower and Legrand in Cheboygan Co.
1968 - M-33 is extended for a very short distance to end at the newly constructed M-76 freeway at Alger.
1973 - The southern terminus of M-33 at M-76, while physically at the same location, becomes I-75 with the completion of the last segment of I-75 at Roscommon.
1995 - A new alignment of M-32/M-33 opens east of Atlanta smoothing out some of the sharper curves and redesigning the M-32 & M-33 intersection.
Freeway/Expwy: No portion of M-33 is freeway or expressway.
Photographs:
Weblinks: M-33 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-33 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.

M-34 Western Terminus: M-99 at Osseo (cnr Hudson Rd & Pioneer Rd)
Eastern Terminus: BUS US-223/M-52 in Adrian (cnr Beecher St & Main St)
Length: 28.95 miles
Map: Route Map of M-34
Notes: Updated The M-34 of the early 1920s takes in its entire present-day route (roughly) between Osseo and Adrian, as well as additional length on either end. The western terminus of M-34 is in Jonesville at M-23 (later US-112, now US-12), and the route runs through Hillsdale, then easterly through Hudson to Adrian. At Adrian, M-34 enters the city along its present route (Beecher Rd), but turns northerly via Madison St for five blocks, then turns east along Williams St curving toward an intersection with Maumee St at the eastern terminus of M-80 running along the present-day US-223 corridor from Adrian northwesterly. M-34 then follows Maumee St approximately eight blocks to the edge of downtown where it turns southeasterly along Church St, through downtown to Center St. It follows Center St south for 3-1/2 blocks before southeasterly via Treat St and then southerly along Treat Hwy. From there, M-34 heads southeasterly along present-day US-223 through Blissfield and Ottawa Lake to the Ohio state line near Sylvania. Later, on its western end, M-34 is even extended northerly through Homer to end at M-17 (later US-12, now BL I-94) in Albion.
History: c.1924 - M-34 is extended northwesterly from Jonesville (along present-day M-99) through Litchfield to end at M-60 in Homer.
1926/27 Updated - M-34 is extended northerly and easterly from Homer to end at US-12 in Albion. Also, the portion of M-34 between Adrian and the Ohio state line is redesignated as part of the new US-127 routing and the new eastern terminus is located at US-127 (present-day BUS US-223) in Adrian at the corner of Maumee & Williams Sts.
1928 - On M-34's western end, all portions of the route from Hillsdale northerly through Jonesville, Litchfield and Homer to Albion are redesignated as an extension of M-64, which runs northerly from Ohio via Frontier to Hillsdale. This shortens the route of M-34 by 29 miles. (This routing of M-64 later becomes M-9, then M-99.)
1930 (Dec 2) New! - M-34 is realigned at Adrian. Formerly turning north from Beecher St along Madison and Williams Sts to its terminus at US-127 (which itself is becoming US-223 in this area during 1930) west of downtown, Beecher St from Madison St easterly through the southern portion of the city to Treat St southeast of downtown is transferred to state control and becomes the new mainline route for M-34. It now terminates at US-223 (now formerly US-127) at the corner of Beecher St and Treat St. The designation—if any—of the former route of M-34 along Madison and Williams St is not clear. It may have been an un-numbered state trunline route for the next several years.
1934 - M-34 between Pittsford and western terminus at M-9 (present-day M-99) at Hillsdale is realigned to its present, more-direct routing.
1935 (Jan 7) New! - The former route of M-34 in the western part of Adrian along Madison St from Beecher St north to Williams St, and along Williams St easterly from Madison to US-223/Maumee St is turned back to local control. It may not have been signed as any specific route since the 1930 transfer of Beecher St from Madison easterly.
1935 (May 17) New! - The portion of US-223 along Treat St from Center St southeasterly to M-30/Beecher St is turned back to local control, while Center St from Treat St southerly to M-30/Beecher St becomes a state trunkline and part of a relocated US-223 route. The five blocks of M-34 along Beecher St between Center St to Treat St is decommissioned and that segment of street becomes part of route of the US-223.
1939 - During the first half of 1939, the final 6 miles of gravel-surfaced M-34 are paved, from Pittsford to Hudson.
1956 (Mar 26) Updated - The US-223 bypass is completed around the south side of Adrian. Since all of the original route of BUS US-223 in the city is turned back to local control, simultaneously a "new" BUS US-223 is created to follow the "old route" of US-223 through the City of Adrian. Thus, easternmost 10 blocks of M-34 along Beecher St from BUS US-223/M-52/Main St are turned back to local control as well, shortening the route of M-34 by aois rerouted along M-52 and Old US-223 through downtown. M-34 is shortened by approximately one mile when it is scaled back to end at BUS US-223/M-52 in Adrian.
1966 - A new M-99 highway alignment is opened five miles east of the former route, intersecting M-34 at Osseo. The M-34 designation is scaled back by 5 miles to end at the new M-99 routing.
Freeway/Expwy: No portion of M-34 is freeway or expressway.
Photographs:
Weblinks: M-34 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-34 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.
  New! Adrian Downtown: Trunkline Routing History map - A map showing ALL of the state trunkline routes through Adrian since 1915, including the various changes from 2010. Includes EVERY state trunkline designation on each segment of highway, including the dates of determinatio or designation.

M-35 Southern Terminus: US-41 two miles north of downtown Menominee (cnr North Shore Dr & 10th St)
Northern Terminus: US-41/M-28 eight miles west of downtown Marquette
Length: 125.45 miles
Map: Route Map of M-35
Never-Built M-35 through the Huron Mountains
Notes: The 1931 "classic" alignment of M-35 is as follows: From US-41 in Menominee, northeasterly along the Lake Michigan (Green Bay) shore to Escanaba, then concurrently with US-2/US-41 to Gladstone. From there, northwesterly through Rock, Gwinn and Palmer to US-41/M-28 at Negaunee, then easterly toward Marquette for 7 miles. From that point, M-35 travels north-northwesterly into the Huron Mountains in northern Marquette Co, where maps of the day label the highway as "IMPASSABLE." Westerly from the Huron Mountains to Skanee and L'Anse at US-41 (the fourth meeting of those two routes!) and Baraga. From Baraga, M-35 heads westerly through Alston to M-26 east of Greenland, then southwesterly with M-26 to the Rockland area. From that point, the route continues northwesterly via present-day US-45 to end at M-64 in Ontonagon.
The portion of M-35 through the Huron Mountains was never completed. To find out why and how Henry Ford himself was involved, see the special page in the In-Depth section, M-35: The Highway Henry Ford Stopped.
From Palmer in Marquette Co, M-35 formerly entered the City of Negaunee, continuing northerly through town to end at US-41/M-28. Subsiding land caused by some of the many abandoned underground mine shafts under the route of M-35 necessitated a rerouting of M-35 around the area. Today, the highway skirts the southern and eastern sides of the massive Cleveland Cliffs Empire Mine operation just north of Palmer. Piles of mine tailings tower several hundred feet just off the highway. In addition, one of the few luge runs in the state physically crosses the former route of M-35 in Negaunee (now an abandoned street), which wouldn't be possible if it were still a state highway!
History: c.1920 - M-35 begins at M-12/M-15 (now US-2/US-41) in Gladstone, running northwesterly along its present-day route to Palmer, then directly to M-15 (present-day US-41/M-28) in Negaunee. From there, M-35 runs easterly via M-15 for several miles toward Marquette, then turns north-northwesterly via present-day Co Rd 510 toward the Huron Mountains. The portion of the route through the Huron Mountains in northwestern Marquette Co is marked "IMPASSABLE" on maps. (See "M-35: The Highway Henry Ford Stopped" for more details.) From the Huron Mountains, M-35 enters Baraga Co and heads westerly via present-day Erick and Skanee Rds to end at M-15 (present-day US-41) in downtown L'Anse. An aside: the portion of the future M-35 between Menominee and Cedar River in Menominee Co exists as M-91.
1927 - M-35 is extended both westerly and southerly from its two termini adding 105 miles to the route. From its western terminus at US-41 in L'Anse, M-35 is extended westerly via US-41 to Baraga, then due westerly to the Greenland and Mass City area in eastern Ontonagon Co. From there, it is co-signed with M-26 southwesterly toward Rockford, then northwesterly from Rockford to Ontonagon via what had been previously designated as M-68, where the route ends at M-64 downtown. At the other end of the route in Gladstone, M-35 is extended southerly via US-2/US-41 into Escanaba, then southwesterly hugging the coast of Green Bay through Cedar River, continuing along the former M-91 to end at US-41 in Menominee.
1935 - M-35 is extended once again in the city of Menominee to run from US-41 through downtown to the Ann Arbor Railroad carferry dock south of downtown. Also, with the addition of US-45 to Michigan, the M-35 designation is scaled back to the junction of US-45 & M-26/M-35, two miles east of Rockland. A net loss of 11 miles of M-35 routing results from the two changes.
1939 (July 13) - The entire portion of M-35 from US-41/M-28 between Negaunee and Marquette to US-41 at L'Anse via the Huron Mountains is officially "cancelled" as a state trunkline by the State Highway Department, with those portions of the route completed given back to local authorities. This creates a discontinuous routing of M-35, which would remain for 13 years. Also during 1939, the M-35 routing is scaled back in Menominee to end at US-41 on the north end of town. The former route of M-35 leading through downtown to the Ann Arbor Railroad carferry docks is redesignated as M-173.
1952 - In order to fill the gap between the two discontinuous segments, the M-35 designation is routed westerly via US-41/M-28 from Negaunee, then northerly via US-41 beyond the US-141/M-28 junction through L'Anse to Baraga, connecting the eastern and western segments. Also, the final several miles of gravel-surfaced M-35 is paved, south of Ford River, completing the hard-surfacing of the "eastern" M-35—the route that would eventually comprise all of M-35 in sixteen years' time. At this time, the "western" M-35 from Baraga to Rockland is completely gravel-surfaced.
1965 - A new highway alignment of M-35 opens between Palmer and US-41/M-28 four miles east of Negaunee. The re-routing is necessary due to several cave-ins of old iron mine shafts under the old highway. Much of the former alignment through the Empire Mine is abandoned.
1968 - The northern/western half of M-35 (Negaunee to Rockland) is removed and scaled back to end at US-41/M-28 four miles east of Negaunee. The former US-41/M-28/M-35 and US-41/M-35 routings between Negaunee and Baraga become just US-41/M-28 and US-41, respectively. The former M-35 between Baraga and M-26 east of Greenland is redesignated as M-38, while the final five miles (concurrent with M-26) to US-45 east of Rockland becomes just M-26.
1989 (June 2) - Several minor reconstruction projects along M-35 between Palmer and Gwinn in Marquette Co move the highway onto segments of new alignment to "straighten" certain winding sections and to convert a sharp 90-degreen turn in the highway into a gradual curve. M-35 is "straightened" in the area of the Fifteen Cr and Green Cr crossings (both Richmond Twp) and the sharp curve near Mud Lake and the Cataract Basin west of Princeton is realigned. The former segments of M-35 in these project areas are turned back to local control on this date.
Freeway: No portion of M-35 is freeway.
Expressway: Concurrently with US-2/US-41 from south of Gladstone (north of Bluff Lake Rd) northerly to the north jct of US-2/US-41 & M-35 in Gladstone.
NHS: From southern jct US-2/US-41 & M-35 in Escanaba to northern jct US-2/US-41 & M-35 in Gladstone.
Circle Tour: Lake Michigan Circle Tour: From southern terminus at US-41 in Menominee to northern jct US-2/US-41 & M-35 in Gladstone.
Photographs:
Weblinks: M-35 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-35 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.
M-35: The Highway Henry Ford Stopped - details the proposed but never-completed segment of M-35 through the Huron Mountains and the role Henry Ford played in halting progress on this route.
Map of Never-Built M-35 through the Huron Mountains - an overview map accompanying the article linked above.

M-36 Western Terminus: US-127 at the Cedar St interchange in Mason
Eastern Terminus: US-23 at Exit 54 near Whitmore Lake
Length: 44.05 miles
Map: Route Map of M-36
Notes: The western half of M-36 runs in relatively straight lines across the farm fields of Ingham County, while the eastern half weaves in amongst the lakes and hills of southern Livingston County.
History: c.1920 - The "original" M-36 routing begins in downtown Pontiac and proceeds northerly via present-day M-24 to Lapeer, then easterly for 7.5 miles via M-21. From that point, M-36 turns northerly via Lake Pleasant Rd to North Branch, then easterly via North Branch, Marsh and Burnside Rds to end at M-53 in Burnside (at the present-day southern jct of M-53 & M-90).
1928 - By 1928, M-36 has been scaled back beginning at M-21 between Lapeer and Imlay City and ending at Burnside. The former portion of M-36 from Pontiac to Lapeer becomes a part of the newly-designated M-24.
c.1930 - The routing of from Mason to Whitmore Lake via Stockbridge and Pinckney is replaced, for the most part, by a relocated M-36 designation. The main difference between the routes of the former M-49 and the new M-36 is that M-49 ran southerly from White Oak, through Stockbridge to Gregory, while the new M-36 cuts off on a more direct route from White Oak direct to Gregory via Plainfield (along its present-day alignment). The former portions of M-49 through Stockbridge become portions of M-92 and M-106.
1940 - The final 23 miles of gravel-surfaced M-36 are paved, from Plainfield to Whitmore Lake.
c.1946 - With the opening of the US-127 bypass around Mason, M-36 is extended westerly along the former route of US-127, now designated BUS US-127/M-36, for more than a mile.
c.1962 - When the BUS US-127 designation is removed from the Mason area, the M-36 routing is maintained between downtown and US-127 northwest of downtown (M-36's present-day western terminus).
1967 (Sept 29) - A new alignment for M-36 is officially determined as a state trunkline along its present-day route in the Pettysville area of Livingston Co, between Pinckney and Hamburg. The former alignment along Hooker Rd is turned back to local control while the portion following Henry Rd between Hooker and relocated M-36 is obliterated as a public roadway.
1969 - M-52 is extended northerly along M-36/Stockbridge Rd north of the Millville area in southeastern Ingham Co toward Webberville, adding a three-mile concurrency with M-36.
Freeway/Expwy: No portion of M-36 is freeway or expressway.
Photographs:
Weblinks: M-36 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-36 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.

M-37 Southern Terminus: Jct I-94 & BL I-94 at Exit 92 on the Kalamazoo/Calhoun Co line at the southwestern corner of Battle Creek
Northern Terminus: Old Mission Lighthouse (Peninsula Twp Park) at the tip of the Old Mission Peninsula north of the community of Old Mission
Length: 221.46 miles
Map: Route Map of M-37
Notes: Among several other route changes in Battle Creek and across Calhoun Co as a part of the Rationalization process (1998), the route of M-37 within the City of Battle Creek was altered. On October 31, 1998, the Michigan Department of Transportation took control of dozens of miles of formerly county roads and municipal streets. Among those miles were all of Bedford Rd from the jct of M-37 & M-89 southerly to Helmer Rd, all of Helmer Rd from Bedford Rd southerly to Columbia Ave and all of Columbia Ave from Helmer westerly to BL I-94/M L King Jr Mem Hwy (Skyline Dr). These roads became part of the realigned M-37 route from M-89 to I-94. M-37 then continued southwesterly via BL I-94 to its new terminus at I-94. Much of the former route of M-37 into downtown Battle Creek became part of an extended M-89. Prior to the change, which resulted in a net gain of approximately 2.75 miles, M-37 was 218.97 miles long.
In a reversal of one of the 1998 "Rationalization" transfers, the portion of M-37 along Columbia Ave from Helmer Rd (jct M-96) westerly to BL I-94/Martin Luther King Jr Memorial Hwy back to the city on in early May 2005. This created a discontinuity in the route of M-37, but sources indicate MDOT has chosen to relocate M-37 concurrently with BL I-94 via Dickman Rd from Helmer westerly to MLKing and via MLKing southwesterly back to its previous route at Columbia Ave, thereby shortening the route of M-37 by 0.29 mile. As of last check in early June 2005, route signage in the field had not yet been changed to reflect this transfer and rerouting.
Site contributor Brian Reynolds sent in a gem of a map and information about a proposed expressway-freeway plan which never came to fruition. Much of the M-37 corridor from Hastings through Grand Rapids to Casnovia was upgraded to modern highway design and geometrics in the 1940s and 50s. South of Hastings, however, M-37 and parallel route M-43 remained on their original alignments from early in the century. In the 1960s, the State Highway Department proposed replacing these two substandard highways with a new expressway-freeway alignment, detailed by Brian on the M-37: Hastings-Battle Creek page.
Plans for a major upgrade to the route of M-37 north of Grand Rapids were never realized, although some of the plans were put into place for a portion of the route. Presently, M-37 heads north from the Grand Rapids area on a five lane highway which becomes a divided highway at 6 Mile Rd and remains so to beyond 10 Mile Rd, where it narrows down to two lanes. North of where M-37 splits off from Alpine Ave, the road becomes a limited access "expressway" to its intersection with Apple Ave at the west limits of the Village of Casnovia. The original upgrade plans for M-37 called for a limited-access freeway or expressway to branch off US-131 in the neighborhood of the Pine Island Dr overpass near Belmont, heading northwesterly to Alpine Ave, then northerly as a western bypass of Sparta, Kent City and Casnovia, continuing as a freeway or divided expressway well into Newaygo Co. The only portion of this plan ultimately completed was the portion from the Alpine Ave split-off (between 9 & 10 Mile Rds) to Apple Ave at Casnovia. Most of this route is a two-lane undivided expressway, with access only at select intersections. Sufficient right-of-way still exists next to the current highway for construction of a second roadway. This, unfortunately, will likely never happen. It is unclear how far north the improved M-37 routing was proposed, although the City of Newaygo is a likely candidate. In addition, the proposed freeway or expressway connector between Alpine Ave and US-131 also seems highly unlikely, as numerous new subdivisions have been allowed to pop up in its path.
Before M-37 was completed north of Wolf Lake, M-42 ran along the present-day route of M-37 from Mesick through Traverse City to Old Mission.
History: c.1920 - The original routing of M-37 in the early 1920s runs roughly (and someone convolutedly) along its present-day route from Battle Creek to Grand Rapids via Hastings.
1928 - By 1928, M-37 is extended by more than 85 miles to replace the routing of M-54 in its entirety from Grand Rapids northerly through Newaygo and Baldwin to end at M-63 near Peacock in central Lake Co.
1930 - M-37 is relocated onto newer, straighter alignment at Kent City and Casnovia. The former route is turned back to local control.
1934 - Two new short realignments open just north of Dutton in Kent Co and just north of Newaygo in Newaygo Co. The former route segments are both turned back to local control.
c.1936-37 - Several route changes come to M-37 in this timeframe:
  • M-37/M-96 is routed off Van Buren St and on to Michigan Ave in Battle Creek. Van Buren St is given back to municipal control.
  • M-37 also is scaled back for approximately one mile to end at Capitol Ave (jct. US-12A/M-78/M-37/M-96).
  • A short, new 4-mile long graded-earth surfaced segment of future M-37 opens from M-55 twenty-one miles west of Cadillac southerly to the Wexford-Lake County line. It is unclear whether this short stub of a highway was signed as M-37 at this time.
  • A new alignment of M-37 opens between Brohman and Lilley in northern Newaygo Co, bypassing Bitely and shaving two miles from the route, the former route being turned back to local control.
1939 - In mid-1939, a new alignment opens between Middleville and Hastings at M-43.
1940 - In anticipation of eventually bridging the gap between north-central Lake Co and Mesick in Wexford Co, all of M-42 north of the M-42/M-115 intersection at Mesick is redesignated as M-37 northerly through Traverse City to the Old Mission area. This creates a two-segment, discontinuous highway between M-63 in Lake Co and M-115 at Mesick. Also, M-37 is scaled back slightly in Battle Creek to end at M-96, ending the M-37/M-96 concurrency.
1945 - The final few miles of gravel-surfaced M-37 (which are open to traffic as of 1945) are paved, north of Middleville.
1947 - For ten years, a short 4-mile long segment of graded-earth surface highway has been shown between M-55 and the Wexford/Lake Co line, but this segment is not included on the 1947 Official Michigan Highway map. The "Mileage Log of State Trunkline Routes" published in January 1948 indicates a gap in M-37 from M-63 in Lake Co to M-115 in Mesick.
1948 - A new, paved segment of M-37 opens from M-63 in north-central Lake Co to M-55 in southwestern Wexford Co.
1949 (Nov 10) - The southwesterly approach into Traverse City for US-31/M-37 is completely revamped. Starting two miles north of Chums Corners, the highway formerly followed McCrae Hill Rd, a roadway since obliterated from present-day US-31/M-37 northeasterly to the 90-degree curve in South Airport Rd, then South Airport northerly to Veterans Dr (formerly Rennie St), Veterans (Rennie) northerly into Traverse City to 14th St, 14th easterly to Union St and Union northerly to jct M-22/M-72 at Front St downtown. Most of this route is turned back to local control on this date when the newly-completed route following present-day US-31/M-37 is established as a state trunkline from the southern intersection with McCrae Hill Rd northerly to 14th St in Traverse City. Oddly, this leaves a gap in the established route from the cnr of Division St & 14th St and Front St & Union St, although sources indicate the route of US-31/M-37 is likely signed northerly from 14th St along Division St to M-22/M-72/Front St, then easterly along M-22/M-72/Front St back to the former route at Union St.
1949 - A new alignment of M-37 along Broadmoor Ave opens between Caledonia and BYP US-16/BYP M-21 (28th Street) southeast of Grand Rapids. The M-37 routing runs westerly via 28th St (BYP US-16/BYP M-21) back to the former alignment at Kalamazoo Ave. The former route of M-37 is turned back to local control.
1951 - A short new (gravel-surfaced) bypass around the northeast side of Caledonia in Kent Co routes the highway out of downtown. The former M-37 is turned back to local control.
1952 - M-37 is rerouted in the Grand Rapids area: From the 28th Street and East Beltline-Broadmoor Ave intersection, M-37 now heads northerly (along with US-131 and M-21) to Cascade Rd, northwesterly via Cascade (along with BUS M-50) to E Fulton St, then westerly via E Fulton into downtown (along with BUS US-16/BUS M-21/BUS M-50) to the former alignment. Also, the final 15-mile gap in the discontinuous route between M-55 and Mesick is bridged, forming one continuous route between Battle Creek and Old Mission.
1953 (Nov 6) - In a project designed to remove through traffic and trucks from the heart of Traverse City's downtown core, the entire length of Grandview Parkway running along the shoreline of the West Arm of Grand Traverse Bay is established as a state trunkline on this day and likely opens to traffic at the same time. Simultaneously, Division St from 14th St northerly to the new Grandview Pkwy is also established as a state trunkline, carrying US-31/M-37 northerly from the southwest corner of the city to the parkway where both routes turn easterly along with M-72 to follow Grandview bypassing downtown before merging back into Front St near Railroad Ave. (The rest of Grandview Pkwy from Division St northwesterly to M-72 becomes part of M-22/M-72.) The former route of US-31/M-37/M-72 along Front St from Division St easterly to the new Grandview Pkwy is transferred to local control.
1957 - A short rerouting onto a new alignment just south of Sparta opens with the former route being turned back to local control.
1961 - In Battle Creek, M-37 is extended concurrently with M-96 to end in downtown at M-66.
1962 - A new M-37 highway alignment opens west of the old route bypassing Sparta, Kent City and Casnovia. This new two-lane, partially limited-access highway is constructed along a route scheduled to become an M-37 freeway running northerly from Grand Rapids toward Newaygo, possibly as a northern extension of the US-131 freeway. Also, M-37 is again rerouted thorugh Grand Rapids: From the 28th St & East Beltline-Broadmoor Aves intersection southeast of the city, M-37 now runs westerly via M-11/M-21/28th St to the new US-131 freeway, then northerly via US-131 through downtown to I-96 north of the city and westerly for a short distance on I-96 back to M-37/Alpine Ave.
1965 - The concurrent M-96 designation with M-37 in Battle Creek is removed and the route becomes solely M-37.
1969 - Once again, M-37 is rerouted at Grand Rapids: From the intersection of M-11/28th St and M-44/East Beltline Ave in Kentwood, M-37 now runs concurrently with M-44 via East Beltline Ave to I-96 (at Exit 38), then northwest along I-96 to Alpine Ave (at Exit 30).
1972 (Dec 29) - In conjunction with the proposed M-37 Hastings-Battle Creek Expressway, the route of M-37/M-43 from downtown Hastings westerly to the western jct of M-37 & M-43 is moved to its present-day alignment. The former route of M-37/M-43 via Green St will be turned back to local control the next year.
1973 (Mar 30, Jun 29) - The former route of M-37/M-43 from downtown Hastings westerly superceeded by the present-day alignment (see above) is turned back to local control. Green St from downtown Hastings (at Broadway St) westerly to the west city limit is turned back to city control on March 30th, while the portion in Rutland Twp from the west limit of Hastings westerly to the new alignment is turned back to the county on June 29th.
1977 - The concurrent designation of M-37/M-44 is removed when M-44 is scaled back to end at I-96 Exit 38 east of Grand Rapids.
1984 - M-37 is rerouted in Battle Creek to run southerly via Washington Ave to BL I-94/Dickman Dr, then easterly to end at jct I-194/M-66 at Exit 3.
1997-98 - With the complete reconstruction of W Michigan Ave in downtown Battle Creek west to Angell St, the parallel alignments of M-37 along Jackson St (sbd) and Van Buren St (nbd) are consolidated onto W Michigan Ave. M-37 still turns southerly at Washington Ave, though, to cross the Kalamazoo River heading toward its meeting with BL I-94/Dickman Rd. Michigan Ave between Washington Ave and M-66/Division St remains a local street. The former one-way routings on Jackson and Van Buren Sts, which were designated in the late 1950s as M-96 (when M-37 ended at M-96/W Michigan Ave in Urbandale), once again become two-way streets.
1998 (Oct 31) - As a part of the Rationalization process (1998), the route of M-37 within the City of Battle Creek is altered. On this day, MDOT takes control of dozens of miles of formerly county roads and municipal streets. Among those miles is all of Bedford Rd from the jct of M-37 & M-89 southerly to Helmer Rd, all of Helmer Rd from Bedford Rd southerly to Columbia Ave and all of Columbia Ave from Helmer westerly to BL I-94/M L King Jr Mem Hwy. These roads become part of the realigned M-37 route from M-89 to I-94. M-37 then continues southwesterly via BL I-94 to its new terminus at I-94. Much of the former route of M-37 into downtown Battle Creek becomes part of an extended M-89.
2000 - The route changes which officially ocurred in 1998 (above) are finally signed in the field. New route markers denoting the various changes are physically posted along the various routes in the Battle Creek area.
2003 (Aug) - In late-August, as a part of a complete sign rehabilitation along East Beltline Ave in Grand Rapids, the route of M-44 is "re-extended" south from its terminus at I-96 (Exit 38), concurrently with M-37 to end at M-11/28th St, where M-37 continues southerly toward Hastings and Battle Creek. MDOT had seemingly removed this redundant concurrency in 1977, but inexplicably re-adds it in 2003.
  2005 (May 5) - The 2.3 miles of M-37 along Columbia Ave between Helmer Rd & BL I-94/Martin Luther King Jr Blvd in southwestern Battle Creek is transferred back to local control. The route of M-37 is then transferred onto BL I-94 to continue westernly and southwesterly to its terminus at I-94 Exit 92, shortening the entire route of M-37 overall by 0.29 mile.
  2007 (June) - The 17.25 miles of M-37 on Grand Traverse County's Old Mission Peninsula are designated as a Scenic Heritage Route.
Freeway: The concurrent portion with I-96 between Exit 30 and Exit 38 in Grand Rapids.
Expressway: From the intersection of Alpine Ave (North) & M-37 between Grand Rapids and Sparta to the intersection of Apple Ave in Casnovia.
NHS: 1. From the M-6/South Beltline Frwy between Kentwood and Caledonia to the western jct of I-96 & M-37 at I-96 Exit 30 in Grand Rapids.
2. From eastern jct of M-37 & M-115 east of Mesick to the eastern jct of US-31/M-72 & M-37 (cnr of Front St & Garfield Ave) in Traverse City.
Circle Tour: Lake Michigan Circle Tour: In Traverse City: From the western jct of US-31/M-37 & M-22/M-72 (cnr of Division St & Grandview Pkwy) to the eastern jct of US-31/M-72 & M-37 (cnr of Front St & Garfield Ave).
Photographs:
Weblinks: M-37 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-37 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.
  Proposed M-37 Hastings-Battle Creek Expressway - details on a highway proposed in the late-1960s and never built, courtesy Brian Reynolds.

M-38 Western Terminus: Jct US-45/S Steel St & M-64 in Ontonagon, south of downtown
Eastern Terminus: US-41 in Baraga
Length: 29.90 miles
Notes: The current iteration of M-38 has been in existence since the late-1960s when it replaced the western disconnected part of the M-35 route from Baraga to the Greenland area.
  Construction on a new bridge spanning the Ontonagon River in Ontonagon began in 2005 and was completed in October 2006, replacing the 1939 swing bridge on M-64 at the western end of downtown. The new bridge, however, is approximately one-half mile upriver from the old span and, as such, several state trunkline route changes have taken place upon the opening of the bridge on October 11, 2006. A new alignment for M-38 was constructed beginning at Mercury St and bending westerly to an intersection with US-45/Steel St between Mercury and Steel Sts, where M-38 now has a new western terminus. Continuing westerly from this point is the relocated M-64. (See the Ontonagon State Trunkline Changes 2006 map.)
Maps: Route Map of M-38
  Ontonagon State Trunkline Changes 2006
History: c.1930-31 - One source shows M-38 is scaled back in c.1930 to end at a newly-designated M-83 in Frankenmuth. M-83 enters Frankenmuth from the north, then turns westerly to replace M-38 to its end at US-10/US-23 southeast of Bridgeport. Whether this was a temporary situation or a cartographic error, M-38 is extended westerly from Frankenmuth back to US-10/US-23 by 1931 when M-83 is routed southerly from Frankenmuth along its present-day routing.
1931 - An 11-mile concurrent stretch with M-24 is created between Mayville and Vassar when M-24's alignment is changed in the Thumb.
1941 - The 11-mile concurrent segment with M-24 is whittled down to just two miles as M-24 is realigned to run northerly from M-38 near Mayville toward Caro.
1950 - In early 1950, the concurrent M-24/M-38 designation is once again extended at Mayville, this time by two miles to the east of town as a new alignment of M-24 opens there.
1954 - The concurrent M-24/M-38 routing again changes at Mayville: this time a rerouting of M-24 north and west of town removes the concurrent segment to the west of Mayville, leaving only M-38 there. The two-mile concurrent M-24/M-28 designation remains on the east side of town.
1961 - Coinciding with the completion of a portion of the I-75/US-10/US-23 freeway in Saginaw Co near M-38's western terminus, the entire highway is removed from the state highway system, with the exception of the two mile M-24/M-38 concurrent stretch at Mayville, which retains the M-24 designation. The former route of M-38 is turned back to local control. It would only be until later in the decade that M-38 would reappear, this time in the U.P.
1968 - The M-35 routing west of Baraga is redesignated as M-38. The concurrent segment of M-26/M-35 in the Greeland-Mass City area becomes simply M-26 between (the new) M-38 and US-45, with M-38 ending at M-26.
1971 - With the rerouting of US-45 via M-26 to Greenland then northwesterly along the newly reconstructed Ontonagon-Greenland Rd toward Ontonagon, M-26 is scaled back to the new interection of US-45 one mile east of Greenland.
1973 - MDOT restores US-45 back to its original pre-1971 alignment through Rockland directly to Ontonagon and restores the M-26 designation back to its former routing, ending at US-45 two miles east of Rockland. M-38 is concurrently designated with M-26 for about one mile east of Greenland, then runs northwesterly via the 1971-1973 aligment of US-45 (Ontonagon-Greenland Rd) to end at US-45 in downtown Ontonagon.
2005 - Construction on a new Ontonagon River bridge at Ontonagon begins and will be complete in October 2006 (see "Notes" section above).
2006 (Oct 11) - The new fixed-span Ontonagon River bridge opens at Ontonagon (see "Notes" section above). M-64 is diverted to cross the river via the new bridge and now terminates at US-45 several blocks south of its former junction with M-38. M-38 continues easterly from the new US-45 & M-64 junction before rejoining its former route on the east side of the village. The former route of M-38 from the new eastern bridge approach westerly to its former terminus at US-45 (cnr Steel St & River St) is now an unsigned trunkline (as OLD M-38). (See the Ontonagon State Trunkline Changes 2006 map.)
2007 (Oct 16) - Just over a year from its debut as an unsigned, old state trunkline route, the former route of M-38 from the new eastern Ontonagon River bridge approach westerly to M-38's former terminus at US-45 (cnr Steel St & River St) is transferred to local control as a village street. (See the Ontonagon State Trunkline Changes 2006 map.)
Circle Tour: Lake Superior Circle Tour: From the western terminus in Ontonagon to the eastern jct of M-26 east of Greenland.
Photographs:
Weblinks: M-38 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-38 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.

M-39 Southern Terminus: Cnr Southfield Rd & Lafayette Blvd in Lincoln Park, one block southeast of jct I-75/Fisher Frwy & M-39 and two blocks northwest of M-85/Fort St
Northern Terminus: M-10/John C Lodge Frwy in Southfield
Length: 16.72 miles
Map: Route Map of M-39
Notes: The entire length of M-39 is known as Southfield Frwy, Southfield Rd or Southfield Hwy.
While there have been three different "iterations" of M-39 over the history of the state trunkline highway system in Michigan, the last two have been somewhat related. The first M-39 was a trunkline in mid-west Michigan, while the second and third iterations were both in Metro Detroit. The second M-39 ran along Schaefer Hwy between US-16/Grand River Ave (present-day M-5 and US-25/Dix Hwy, while the third routing is the present-day M-39.
History: 1920s - In the early 1920s, the first incarnation of M-39 in Michigan is a route from Grand Rapids to Lansing, competing with M-16 between the same two towns. From Grand Rapids, M-39 runs easterly concurrently with M-16 along E Fulton St and Cascade Rd. After M-16 splits off to run toward Ada and Lowell, M-39 continues southeasterly via Cascade Rd (later to become US-16/M-50) through Cascade and Whitneyville. M-39 then turns southerly via present-day Alden Nash Ave near Alto and follows present-day M-50 southerly and easterly through Lake Odessa to Woodbury. From there, M-39 continues easterly through Sunfield and Mulliken to Grand Ledge via present-day M-43. At Grand Ledge, M-39 again meets up with M-16 and the two routes make the 10.5 mile trip into downtown Lansing via Saginaw Hwy together.
c.1925 - M-16 (soon to become US-16) is realigned at either end of M-39. Out of Grand Rapids, M-16 is rerouted onto and replacing the M-39 designation through Cascade, Whitneyville to Alto. From there M-16 heads due easterly on its new alignment toward Portland. From this new routing of M-16 (soon US-16) near Alto, M-39 continues southerly and easterly via its existing routing. From Lansing, M-16 is realigned to run northwesterly out of town along Grand River Ave, ending the concurrency with M-39 between Grand Ledge and Lansing, with M-39 running into Lansing alone on Saginaw Hwy.
1928 - By 1928, M-50 replaces all of M-39 between US-16 near Alto and present day jct of M-43/Grand Ledge Hwy & Ionia Rd, two miles east of Woodbury in northwestern Ionia Co, with M-50 continuing southerly from that point toward Vermontville. M-39 maintains its route through Sunfield, Mulliken and Grand Ledge. Also, in Lansing, M-39 is routed from its eastern terminus (cnr Saginaw St & Larch St) southerly via US-27/M-78/Larch St to Michigan Ave, then easterly via Michigan Ave to end at US-16/Grand River Ave in downtown East Lansing.
c.1930 - By 1930, M-39's western terminus is moved easterly and the route is scaled back by 10 miles when M-50 is realigned to travel first easterly along M-39's former route to present-day Cochran Rd, then due southerly into Charlotte. M-39 is now only 19 miles long.
1934 - The see-saw effect of M-39's western terminus continues with a realignment of M-50 onto a direct route between Woodbury and Charlotte along the Clinton Trail. M-39 is extended westerly along is pre-1930 route (present day M-43/Grand Ledge Hwy) to end at M-50 one mile east of Woodbury. M-39 is now 30 miles long.
c.1936-37 - The entire route of M-39 from Woodbury to downtown East Lansing is redesignated as an easterly extension of M-43, signalling the end of the first incarnation of M-39 in Michigan.
1939 - The second interation of M-39 in Michigan begins when M-3/Schaefer Hwy is redesignated M-39. This version of M-39 begins at US-25/Dix Hwy in Melvindale, heads northerly via Schaefer Hwy, ending at US-16/Grand River Ave in western Detroit. The State Highway Department is removing all single-digit state highway designations from the system in preparation for their use on a statewide system of "superhighways."
1959 - The entire M-39 designation is removed wholesale from Schaefer Hwy, moved west 2 miles, and added to Southfield Rd between I-94/US-12/Detroit Industrial Expwy in Allen Park and Northwestern Hwy (present-day John C Lodge Frwy) in Southfield. In 1959, Northwestern Hwy is not a state highway. M-39/Southfield Rd between I-94/US-12 and Seven Mile Rd is a divided highway and undivided north of Seven Mile.
1961 - Three changes to M-39 this year, including new freeway segments:
  • Two segments of the Southfield Road Expressway (freeway) open:
    • 3.5 miles from Gildow St (present-day Hubbard Dr) in Dearborn to just north of Joy Rd.
    • 0.5 miles, one-quarter mile on either side of the Plymouth Rd interchange.
  • The M-39 designation is extended southerly from I-94 (itself now sans US-12) via Southfield Rd to US-25/Toledo-Dix Hwy.
1962 - The M-39 freeway (Southfield Rd) is extended northerly from the completed freeway (north of Plymouth Rd) to McNichols Rd in Detroit. Another new freeway segment is completed between I-94 and Outer Dr in Allen Park. In addition, the 1/2-mile gap in freeway at W Chicago is completed.
1963-64 - The entire freeway between I-94 and the newly completed BS I-696/Northwestern Hwy freeway (present-day John C Lodge Frwy) is completed, with new sections north of McNichols Rd in Detroit and Southfield; and from Gildow St (present Hubbard Dr) to Outer Dr in Dearborn.
1966 - With the completion of I-75 northerly through Allen Park and Melvindale, M-39 is extended southeasterly via Southfield Rd to end at M-85/Fort St beyond the new freeway. The temporary designation of "TO I-75" is also added to M-39 from I-75 north to M-102/Eight Mile Rd.
1969 - The above noted TO I-75 designation is removed from M-39 and M-102 in the Detroit area with the completion of the I-75 through the city.
1974-77 - The large I-96/Jeffries Frwy interchange is constructed. I-96 opens east of M-39 in 1975 and west in 1977.
c.1988 - At some point in the late-1980s, the M-39 designation is scaled back by two blocks when the City of Lincoln Park expresses interest in adding parking to the center of the roadway. As this is not up to state trunkline specifications, MDOT hands the southernmost two blocks of the road back to local authorities. The Official 1988 Michigan Transportation Map is the first to show this change. However, it will take MDOT about a decade to remove all M-39 route markers from this short two-block stretch.
Freeway/Expwy: I-94/Detroit Industrial Expwy in Allen Park to M-10/John C Lodge Frwy in Southfield.
NHS: Entire route.
Photographs:
Weblinks: M-39 @ Michigan Highway Ends - photos of the termini of M-39 at Dan Garnell's excellent Michigan Highway Ends website.


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